Consed 14.0 Documentation

The following is the file "README.txt" that accompanies the version 14.0 of Consed. It has been edited to reflect minor changes in installation and contact information that apply to the CodonCode distribution.




CONTENTS:
    WHAT IS NEW IN CONSED 14.0
    WHAT IS AUTOFINISH
    INSTALLING CONSED<---------------------
    QUICK TOUR OF CONSED
    USING AUTOFINISH
    USING AUTOMATED ADD NEW READS
    USING AUTOPCRAMPLIFY
    USING AUTOEDIT
    ADVANCED PHRAP/CONSED USAGE
    NOTE TO LINUX USERS
    NOTE TO ITANIUM LINUX USERS
    NOTE TO SGI USERS
    NOTE TO SOLARIS USERS
    NOTE TO MACOSX USERS
    CONSED CUSTOMIZATION
    CONSED FOR LARGE ASSEMBLIES
    FOR PROGRAMMERS AND FELLOW TRAVELLERS ONLY
    MONITORS AND MICE FOR CONSED
    HUGE ASSEMBLIES
    AUTOFINISH AND PRIMER-PICKING PARAMETERS
    ACE FILE FORMAT
    WHAT THE COLORS MEAN
    


----------------------------------------------------------------------------

WHAT IS NEW IN CONSED 14.0

Itanium (64-bit linux) is now available.

Assembly View
    Sequence matches are shown, and can be used to make joins.

    Can show restriction digest cut sites.  More probably coming on
    this.

    Tags Can be Shown.  You can customize which tag types are shown.
    Clicking on a tag shows more information about it and displays
    that location in the Aligned Reads Window.

    Can more easily specify which contigs to show.

Show Traces for All Reads
    If you are examining traces hundreds of reads deep, then Consed
    will now show you the reads in batches of 100 at a time.  It will
    optionally not show reads that have no base at the cursor position,
    have no trace near the cursor position, or that have a user-specified
    tag at the cursor position.  This helps focus on the reads you need to
    look at.
    
    There were some bugs with this feature--I believe they are all
    fixed.

AutoPCRAmplify
    Can now be used in cases in which you only have a fasta file of
    the region to amplify, such as when you download the sequence
    from Genbank or UCSC.

    Now more likely to find pcr primer pairs.

    Can optionally use a fixed primer for one end, such as when using
    a transplice leader sequence.

    User feedback helped me improve the criteria for rejecting PCR
    primer pairs.

Improvement for Huge Assemblies
    You can concatentate all of the phd files into a single file and
    delete the many phd files.

    You can type in the contig name rather than selecting it from a
    list--good if the list is hundreds of contigs long.

    You can filter which ace files you want displayed--useful if there
    are a huge number of ace files.

Custom Data Within Tags
    Consed has always allowed user-defined tag types.  Now Consed
    allows you to defined fields within user-defined tags.  For
    example, you might define an exon tag with a field which is a
    pointer to a gene tag.

Miniassemblies
    Users have found they sometimes only recognize they made a mistake
    after starting a miniassembly.  But they couldn't stop it.  Now
    there is a "Cancel Miniassembly" button.

Autofinish
    To prevent Autofinish from trying to do pcr with a particular
    contig-end, there is now a doNotDoPCR tag that Autofinish will
    obey.

Bugs fixed
    Macosx Autofinish crash
    Linux AutoPCRAmplify crash
    One caused a corrupted ace file.


 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------


WHAT IS AUTOFINISH?

Autofinish automatically chooses reads for finishing.  Autofinish
sometimes is able to completely finish a project with no human
decisions.  In other cases Autofinish mostly finishes a project, and a 
human just needs to do the final difficult problems since all the
routine problems have already been completed by Autofinish.  Thus a
human finisher is able to complete far more projects in the same
length of time.

Autofinish is flexible to the finishing strategy of your lab.  It can
be used to finish with just universal primer reads, just oligo walks,
just minilibraries, or a combination of these.  It can be used to
finish either genomic or cDNA.

Autofinish will do the following:

-close gaps
-improve sequence quality
-determine the relative orientation of contigs
-ensure that, at each consensus base, at least 2 reads from different
templates are aligned

(You can configure Autofinish to do any combination of these tasks.)

Autofinish will suggest the following types of experiments:

-universal primer reads (forward or reverse)
-custom primer reads with subclone templates
-custom primer reads with whole clone templates
-minilibraries (transposon or shatter) from subclone templates
-PCR

(You can configure Autofinish to suggestion any combination of these
experiments.) 


 
------------------------------------------------------------------------

INSTALLING CONSED

(If you are running Solaris, see NOTE TO SOLARIS USERS.  If you are
running SGI, see NOTE TO SGI USERS.  If you are running MACOSX, see
NOTE TO MACOSX USERS.  If you are running regulare Linux, see NOTE TO
LINUX USERS.  If you are running Linux on an Itanium (a big
64 bit box), see NOTE TO ITANIUM LINUX USERS.

You MUST have the following phred, phrap, phd2fasta, and crossmatch in
order to use this version of Consed:

000925.c or later for phred
0.990319 or later for phrap and crossmatch
0.990622.e or later for phd2fasta (supplied with this version of consed)
any version of addReads2Consed.perl  (supplied with this version 
       of consed)
030326 of phredPhrap  (supplied with this version of consed)
       (Note:  if you have an older version of phredPhrap, some of the
       more recent Consed features, such as miniassemblies, will not
       work.  Note to existing polyphred users:  phredPhrap now calls
       polyphred with different parameters which will give cause it to apply
       different tags than it used to, but these different tags will
       give it behavior consistent with that described below in
       CONSED-POLYPHRED INTERACTION.  For more information, see
       http://droog.gs.washington.edu/PolyPhred.html )

011130 or later for transferConsensusTags.perl  (supplied with this 
       version of consed)
any verion of tagRepeats.perl  (supplied with this version of consed)
any version of determineReadTypes.perl (or your own custom
       modified version)


Contact CodonCode Corporation if you need any of the other programs.

Summary of files your must edit (instructions are below):
        addReads2Consed.perl
        determineReadTypes.perl
        phredPhrap
        primerCloneScreen.seq
        primerSubcloneScreen.seq
        repeats.fasta
        vector.seq

In order to run the gauntlet of phred/phd2fasta/crossmatch/phrap,
there is a perl script phredPhrap supplied with Consed (above).  YOU
MUST USE THIS PERL SCRIPT. If you try to run each of these programs
directly, you are on your own and you will probably spend a lot of
time needlessly.

If you want to try to take a short-cut through the steps below, and
you are using Redhat Linux, a fellow Consed user has written a script
and instructions to allow you to take this short-cut.  I have not
studied nor tested his script, but he usually does good work.  If you
want to try it, see:

The instructions are at:
http://ludwig.ucdavis.edu/consed-install.txt

The script is at:
http://ludwig.ucdavis.edu/install-PHUI.pl

Alternatively, follow the instructions below:


1) After downloading the distribution with netscape (see www.phrap.org
and click on 'Consed'), copy the distribution to a unix computer (if
it is not already on one).  Unpack the files by typing the appropriate
line below (which one depends on what you named the file downloaded by
netscape):

gunzip Linux_Consed.tar.gz; tar -xvf Linux_Consed.tar
(the name of the files will differ on other operating systems)
For additional instructions, please visit:
http://www.codoncode.com/support/install_phredphrap.htm.

Note:  You must run tar on a UNIX computer--not on an Windows computer,
due to a difference in the handling of breaks between lines.

2) I suggest you put Consed, phred, crossmatch, phrap, the perl
scripts, and other executables into /usr/local/genome/bin.  So create
/usr/local/genome/bin and /usr/local/genome/lib

If you can't actually use /usr/local/genome, then you could make
/usr/local/genome be a link to the real location--that will work just
as well.


If you want to have another location xxx, then put:

setenv CONSED_HOME xxx

into the .cshrc (or equivalent if you are using bash or shell other
than csh or tcsh) of all Consed users

and create $CONSED_HOME/bin and $CONSED_HOME/lib and put all of these
programs into $CONSED_HOME/bin


3) Make sure that /usr/local/genome/bin (or $CONSED_HOME/bin) is in
every Consed users' PATH.

4) Put the Consed executable in /usr/local/genome/bin (or $CONSED_HOME/bin)

5)  Check this by logging on as a user and typing:

consed -V

You should see 'Version 14.0'.  If you see something else, you have
some debugging to do.

6)  TESTING CONSED

Follow the first few steps of USING CONSED GRAPHICALLY of the
Quick Tour (below).  If you have problems, it may be due to your X
emulator.  See 'MONITORS AND MICE FOR CONSED' below.

If you get some error such as:

Error: Can't open display:

then the problem may have nothing to do with Consed, but rather with
X.  To test this, run some other X application (such as xclock, xterm,
xeyes, or xcalc) and see if you get the same error.


7)  Build phd2fasta:
Go to the misc/phd2fasta directory and type 'make'
Move the phd2fasta executable to /usr/local/genome/bin (or $CONSED_HOME/bin)

8)  Build mktrace:
Go to the misc/mktrace directory and type 'make'
Move the mktrace executable to /usr/local/genome/bin (or $CONSED_HOME/bin)

9)  Move all perl scripts from the scripts directory to
/usr/local/genome/bin (or $CONSED_HOME/bin)
Make sure all are executable (chmod a+x *)

DELETE ANY PREVIOUS VERSIONS OF THESE SCRIPTS OR YOU WILL BE SORRY!
(Bugs have been fixed.)

10)  Get perl 5.  (If you have Linux, you already have it so you can
skip this step.)  You can check where to get perl via the perl web
site:

    http://www.perl.com/perl/info/software.html


(If you don't know about perl, try it--it will save you a
huge amount of time over developing the same utilities in C, awk, or
csh or sh.)  

Regardless where you put perl, put a link to it in /usr/bin so that
all of the scripts with 
#!/usr/bin/perl 
will work and you won't have to edit all of them everytime a new
Consed release comes out.

11) Create a subdirectory /usr/local/genome/lib/screenLibs.  (If you
are using a location other than /usr/local/genome for the root of all
Phred/Phrap/Consed programs, create $CONSED_HOME/lib/screenLibs). From
the misc subdirectory, copy primerCloneScreen.seq and
primerSubcloneScreen.seq to the directory
/usr/local/genome/lib/screenLibs (or $CONSED_HOME/lib/screenLibs).

primerCloneScreen.seq is used to screen candidate primers when you use
Consed's function "Pick Primer from Clone Template" (on the Aligned
Reads Window).

primerSubcloneScreen.seq is used to screen candidate primers when you
use Consed's function "Pick Primer from Subclone Template" (on the
Aligned Reads Window).

Take a look at these files.  They are dummy files indicating the fasta
format of the sequences that should be put in them.  You should put
into primerCloneScreen.seq the vector sequence of the cloning vectors
you are using (BAC or cosmid) and into primerSubcloneScreen.seq the
sequencing vectors you are using (plasmid, M13, etc).  Don't be too
generous in putting lots of vectors into the files!  The larger they
are, the slower primer picking will be.  Our files are only this big:

-rw-r--r--   1 root     root       29938 Nov  7  1997 primerCloneScreen.seq
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root        7381 Aug 13  1997 primerSubcloneScreen.seq

and primer picking is quite fast enough.

Now that you have set this up, you should try the PRIMER PICKING
sections in the Quick Tour (above) to make sure this works.

12)  You should create a file 

/usr/local/genome/lib/screenLibs/vector.seq

(or $CONSED_HOME/lib/screenLibs/vector.seq if you are not using
/usr/local/genome for the root of the Phred/Phrap/Consed files.)

This contains all the vector sequences (in FASTA format) that you want
to mask out before phrapping.  In general, it is the combination of
primerCloneScreen.seq and primerSubcloneScreen.seq


13)  You should create a file
/usr/local/genome/lib/screenLibs/repeats.fasta

(or $CONSED_HOME/lib/screenLibs/repeats.fasta if you are not using
/usr/local/genome for the root of the Phred/Phrap/Consed files.)

In this file, put any sequences (in FASTA format) that you want to
have automatically tagged.  These typically are ALU sequences.  If you
don't want to tag anything, then comment out (put '#' as the first
character of the line) the following lines in phredPhrap:

Change:
!system( "$tagRepeats $szAceFileToBeProduced" ) 
  || die "some problem running $tagRepeats";

to:
#!system( "$tagRepeats $szAceFileToBeProduced" ) 
#  || die "some problem running $tagRepeats";

14)  You should create a file 
/usr/local/genome/lib/screenLibs/singleVectorForRestrictionDigest.fasta
containing the cloning vector sequence.  This is used for doing in-silico
restriction digests.  Thus this cloning vector must start at precisely
the site where you cut the vector to ligate the insert.  It is not
sufficient to just download the vector sequence from Genbank.  You
might need to have it start in a different place.  

15)  SETTING UP TEST DIRECTORIES

Copy the test directories and their contents to some location where
the users have write access.  Copy--do not move them--because the
users will occasionally want a fresh copy.

cp -r standard new_location
cp -r autofinish new_location
cp -r assembly_view new_location
cp -r polyphred new_location

cd new_location
chmod -R a+w *

16)  MODIFYING determineReadTypes.perl

Read the comments in determineReadTypes.perl

Phrap, Consed's primer picking, and Consed/Autofinish all need the
following information for each read:
          is it a univeral primer forward, a universal primer reverse,  
             or a walking read?
          what is its template name?

If you are using different libraries that have different insert sizes, 
then Consed/Autofinish also need the library name for each read.

Generally this information can be determined from the read name, using
*your* naming convention.  Modify the perl script
determineReadTypes.perl to put this information at the end of the phd
file using WR info items.

If you don't want to do much perl programming and all your libraries
have the same insert size, you have the option of using the St Louis
naming convention.  In this case, the only perl programming you
need do is to comment out (put a "#" in front) the line in
determineReadTypes.perl that starts with:

die "You must edit determineReadTypes.perl

You must also uncomment (remove the "#"s in column 1) the lines in
the phredPhrap script that say roughly:

#print "\n\n--------------------------------------------------------\n";
#print "Now running determineReadTypes.perl...\n";
#print "--------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n";

#!system( "$determineReadTypes" ) || die "some problem running determineReadTypes.perl $!\n";

But what is the St Louis naming convention?  Most of it (but not all)
is explaned in the phrap documentation.  In addition, you must never
use an underscore in the name if the read is a universal primer
forward or universal primer reverse read.  If the read is a walk, then
you must have an underscore (_) follow the template name and then have
a number (the oligo number).

Examples of reads in the St Louis naming convention:

read eeq03a01.g1.phd.1 is univ rev template: eeq03a01 library: eeq03
read eeq03a02.b1.phd.1 is univ fwd template: eeq03a02 library: eeq03
read eeq03a02.g1.phd.1 is univ rev template: eeq03a02 library: eeq03
read eeq03a03.b1.phd.1 is univ fwd template: eeq03a03 library: eeq03
read eej45h07_2.i1.phd.1 is walk template: eej45h07 library: eej45
read eej46c12_1.i1.phd.1 is walk template: eej46c12 library: eej46


Once you have correctly customized determineReadTypes.perl, then
uncomment the line in phredPhrap which calls determineReadTypes.perl

It is fine to assume the St Louis for the purpose of the sample
dataset directories that come with Consed ("standard",
"assembly_view", "autofinish", and "polyphred").  

17) TROUBLESHOOTING YOUR CHANGES TO determineReadTypes.perl

Consed allows you to check that you have correctly modified
determineReadTypes.perl: On the Consed Main Window, point to 'Info',
hold down the left mouse button, and release on 'Show Info for Each
Read'.  Study all the information and check that the information
presented is correct.  If, for example, Consed thinks that there are
templates that have 9 or more reads, it is likely that you have not
correctly customized determineReadTypes.perl

You will see a section that looks like this:

template djs736a2_fp04q286 with 2 reads
    djs736a2_fp04q286.x2 term     universal forward (from phd file)
    djs736a2_fp04q286.y2 term     universal reverse (from phd file)

You want to see the "from phd file" part.  If, instead of "from phd
file", it says "inferred from name", that means that
determineReadTypes.perl couldn't figure out what kind of read it was.

If you think you have made a mistake in customizing
determineReadTypes.perl, it is best to delete the PHD files (and
phd.ball if you are using that) and run phredPhrap again since the
otherwise incorrect WR items will be left in the PHD files.

There is more specific documentation within the script
determineReadTypes.perl for more information about how to customize
it.

CUSTOMIZING determineReadTypes.perl:  SPECIAL CASES


18)  FAKE READS

By "fake reads" I mean reads such as those created from a Genbank
reference sequence or a consensus from some other assembly... or others
for which there is no chromatogram (and there never was any
chromatogram).  If you don't use any such reads, you can skip this
step. 

In the past, any read that ended with a .a2 or .c3 (where 2 and 3
could be any numbers), was considered a fake read.  Now you can make
Autofinish not assume this using the .consedrc parameter (see CONSED
CUSTOMIZATION): 

consed.fakeReadsSpecifiedByFilenameExtension: false



Instead, you must have determineReadTypes.perl put "fake" into the
"type:" field of a "template" WR item.  See determineReadTypes.perl for
more information.

After installing Consed, you should run all the following tests to
make sure you have installed everything correctly:

19) APPENDING EXPID TO THE PHD FILES

If you are using Autofinish, and would like Autofinish to tell you how
well your reads are succeeding, then the phd files must be appended
with the experiment id's.  In the 3 Autofinish summary files
(*.univReverse, *.univForwards, and *.customPrimers), you will see
information like this:

univ rev,,,->,-329,-249,71,Contig1,3,djs228_1034

or this:

tgaagaaatggctgactcc,56,1,->,3258,3338,3658,Contig1,4,djs228_2813,5,djs228_168,6,djs228_1248

The '3' just before the djs228_1034 is an experiment id.  There is
also an expid '4' just before djs228_2813, an expid '5' before
djs228_168, and an expid '6' just before djs228_1248.

Autofinish doesn't know what you will end up calling these reads it is
telling you to make.  Autofinish only knows those reads by the numbers
3, 4, 5, and 6.  So when you make the reads, Autofinish needs to be
informed that this is 'experiment 3' or whatever.  You do this by
appending in the phd file the following structure:

WR{
expid addExpid 990811:140818
5
}

where WR stands for 'whole read item', 
      expid for 'expid'
      addExpid is the name of the program that you will write that
            will append this information
      990811:140818 is the date and time in format YYMMDD:HHMISS
      5 is the expid

This program must be run *after* phred runs to create the phd files.
Thus your program must have some method of determining what the expid
of each read is.  What the University of Washington Genome Center does
is to have the finishers put the expid as part of the filename.  This
makes it easy for a program to look at the phd file and figure out
what the expid is and then write the WR item into that phd file.  

Alternatively, you could keep a database and, after the phd file is
created, look into the database to see what the expid is.

When you have successfully added expid's to the phd files, the next
time you run Autofinish on this project, it will have in the
'EVALUATE' section of the Autofinish output file, lots of interesting
information about how well the reads succeeded.


TESTING

The following tests must be done to insure that the installation was
done correctly.


20)  TESTING RESTRICTION DIGEST

Try the restriction digest feature (RESTRICTION DIGEST above) to make
sure this works.

21)  TESTING ADDING NEW READS

It will make your life easier if phred, phrap, and crossmatch are
all where Consed expects them:  in /usr/local/genome/bin

22) Decide where to put phred's parameter file phredpar.dat and edit
both addReads2Consed.perl and phredPhrap to reflect this location.  I
generally prefer to put it in /usr/local/genome/lib to keep all of the
Phred/Phrap/Consed files in one place.  Alternatively, you could put
it in /usr/local/etc/PhredPar/phredpar.dat which is the historical
location of this file.

23) Next you should test the ADDING NEW READS step in the Quick Tour
(above).  This step requires that everything be set up correctly and
in the correct location.  Hopefully the error messages are clear
enough to help you if you have set up anything incorrectly.

24)  TESTING RUNNING CROSSMATCH FROM ASSEMBLY VIEW

See RUNNING CROSSMATCH FOR SEQUENCE MATCHES (above) and make sure
that step works.

25)  TEST RUNNING PHREDPHRAP

See the section RUNNING PHRED and PHRAP in the Quick Tour (above) 


26)  TESTING MINIASSEMBLIES

See PULLING OUT READS AND RE-ASSEMBLYING THEM (MINIASSEMBLIES) and
MINIASSEMBLIES (above) and make sure those steps work.  

The newer version of phredPhrap is required for this.  If you have
invested a lot of work customizing some old version of phredPhrap, and
don't want to upgrade, you do have the option of keeping your
customized version of phredPhrap for regular assemblies, and using the
new version of phredPhrap for miniassemblies.  To do this, you must
specify the alternate name/location of phredPhrap by the .consedrc
parameter:

consed.fullPathnameOfMiniassemblyScript: /usr/local/genome/bin/phredPhrap

(See CONSED CUSTOMIZATION below.)


USING YOUR OWN DATA


27)  Create the following directory structure, which can be anywhere
on any disk:

Directory structure:
    top level directory (generally named after the BAC or cosmid)
        subdirectory 'chromat_dir'--chromatograms go in here
        subdirectory 'phd_dir'--phd files will automatically be put here
        subdirectory 'edit_dir'--ace files will automatically be put here

Put the chromatogram files (e.g., .ab1 or .scf files) into the
chromat_dir directory.  Keep phd_dir and edit_dir empty.

If you already have your chromatograms somewhere else, you can make
chromat_dir be a link to wherever you have them.  

The various phrap and crossmatch files will be put into edit_dir by
the phredPhrap script.

28)  cd to the edit_dir directory, and type:

phredPhrap

If you are successful, the script will tell you so.  (You can also
look in phd_dir and you will see phd files for each of the
chromatograms you added in chromat_dir.  If the phd files are missing,
then phred was unable to call bases from the chromatograms in
chromat_dir and you will need to figure out why not).  Make sure you
are in edit_dir and bring up Consed on the ace file:

29)  Type:

consed

You should see a file with the extension .ace.1
Double click on it.

You should see a list of contigs.

Double click on the one you want to see.

Follow the first few steps of the Quick Tour under USING CONSED
GRAPHICALLY (above).  You should at least go as far as viewing traces.




 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

QUICK TOUR OF CONSED


Release 14.0

Consed is a program for viewing and editing assemblies assembled with
the phrap assembly program.

If you are already an advanced Consed user, you should read through
this and do any of the exercises on features that you are unfamiliar
with.  I frequently run across people who are doing something in
Consed a hard way month after month, and request a new feature to make
things easier, when that new feature is already in Consed.

If you have never used Consed before, to follow this Quick Tour will
take you less than 6 hours.  However, it will save you approximately 2
days in agony.  If you have 2 extra days to spare, and prefer to waste
them in agony, then do not do this Quick Tour and instead immediately
skip down to 'INSTALLING CONSED' above.

If you do the Quick Tour, start your system administrator installing
consed (see INSTALLING CONSED (above)) because you will
need to have completed that for some of the more advanced sections of
the Quick Tour.

When you do the quick tour, I encourage you to be free about changing
the data set.  If you really mess things up (such as changing all a
read's bases to N's), no problem--just delete the data set and start
again with a fresh copy.

USING CONSED GRAPHICALLY

30)  Type the following:

cd standard/edit_dir


31) start Consed by typing the appropriate command below:

../../consed_solaris
../../consed_alpha
../../consed_hp
../../consed_sgi
../../consed_linux
../../consed_mac
../../consed_linux_itanium
../../consed_solaris_intel
../../consed_ibm


(Don't worry about a message like:
Warning: Cannot convert string "helvetica" to type FontStruct )


Two windows will appear.  One of these will have the list of .ace
files and say 'select assembly file to open' and
'standard.fasta.screen.ace.1'.  Double click on
"standard.fasta.screen.ace.1".  The first window goes away.

You will now see a list of one contig and a list of reads.  This is the
'Consed Main Window'.  

Double click on 'Contig1'.

The 'Aligned Reads Window' will appear.  

32) SCROLLING

Try scrolling back and forth.  Try scrolling by dragging the thumb of
the scrollbar.  Also try scrolling by clicking on the 4 << < > >>
buttons for scrolling by small amounts.  For scrolling by tiny
amounts, click on the arrows at either end of the scrollbar.  For
scrolling by huge amounts, use the middle mouse button and just click
on some location on the scrollbar.  For scrolling to the beginning or
end of the contig, use the <<< or >>> buttons.  

(Question: why can't you just move the scrollbar to the extreme right
in order to go to the end of the contig?  Answer: in typical
assemblies, there are reads that protrude beyond the beginning of the
contig and reads that protrude beyond the end of the contig.  Moving
the scrollbar to the extreme right will scroll the contig to the
end of the rightmost read--typically far to the right of the
end of the contig.  Thus you should get in the habit of using
the <<< and >>> buttons.)

GOTO POSITION

33) In the Aligned Reads Window, click in the 'Pos:' box in the upper
right-hand corner.  Type in a number, such as 540, and push the
'Return' or 'Enter' key.  The Aligned Reads Window will scroll to
position 540.  We find this feature is particularly useful when one
person wants another person to look at something in the sequence.

34) COLORS

Notice the colors.  Scroll to position 937 and notice the read 'a'.
The red bases are the ones that disagree with the consensus.

Notice the different shades of grey background (around the bases).
They have the following meanings, but first, you need to understand
the meaning of the quality values:

A quality value of 10 means 1 error in ten to the 1.0 power
A quality value of 20 means 1 error in ten to the 2.0 power
A quality value of 30 means 1 error in ten to the 3.0 power
A quality value of 40 means 1 error in ten to the 4.0 power

and for quality values in between:

A quality value of 25 means 1 error in ten to the 2.5 power

Get the idea?


(These have actually been empirically verified--if you are interested
in the gory details, read the phred papers:

Ewing B, Hillier L, Wendl M, Green P: Basecalling of automated
sequencer traces using phred. I. Accuracy assessment.  Genome Research
8, 175-185 (1998).

Ewing B, Green P: Basecalling of automated sequencer traces using
phred. II. Error probabilities.  Genome Research 8, 186-194 (1998).

In that same copy of the journal is a paper about Consed, as well.)

Also notice the upper and lowercase.  This is just a cruder indication 
of the quality of the bases.

35) To see the quality value of a particular base, point at it and
click with the left mouse button.  You will see the quality displayed
in the Info Box at the bottom of the Aligned Reads Window.


These quality values are shown in grey scales:

Quality 0 through 4 is given by dark grey
Quality 5 through 9 is given by a shade lighter
Quality 10 through 14 is given by a shade still lighter
.
.
.
Quality of 40 through 97 is given by white (the brightest shade)

A quality value of 99 is reserved for bases that have been edited and
the user is absolutely sure of the base ('high quality edited').

A quality value of 98 is reserved for bases that have been edited and
the user is not sure of the base ('low quality edit').

The ends of the reads shows bases that are grey and have a black
background.  These are the low quality ends of the reads or the
unaligned ends of reads, as determined by phrap.



36)  Click on a base on a read.  Then hold down the control key and
type 'a'.  You will move to the beginning of the read.  Hold down the
control key and type 'e'.  You will move to the end of the read.
(Emacs users will recognize these commands.)



37) HIGHLIGHTING READ NAMES 

In the Aligned Reads Window, click on a read name with the left mouse
button.  The name will turn magenta.  Click again and it will turn
yellow again.  Try turning it magenta and then scrolling.  This
feature is helpful in keeping track of a particular read as you
scroll.

If you have an emacs window open (or any editor window), you can paste
the read name in by just clicking with the middle mouse button.
When you clicked on the read name in the Aligned Reads Window with the
left mouse button, the read name was loaded into the paste buffer.


38) DIMMING ENDS OF READS

Scroll so that location 490 is about in the middle of the aligned
reads window.  Push the left mouse button down on the menu item 'Dim'.
There will be a list of choices that will appear.  Drag the cursor
down to 'Dim Nothing' and release.  Now look what happened to the
color of the bases.  The ends of the reads that used to be with a
black background now appear red with a grey background.  You are
seeing the clipped-off bases with all the same information as any
other base.  Since there is a huge amount of red (discrepant) bases,
the screen becomes distracting and busy.  Thus by default the low
quality clipped-off bases are made with a black background and a grey
foreground so they don't distract you.

Notice there is a distinction here between 'low quality ends of
reads' and 'unaligned ends of reads'.  Unaligned ends of reads can be
low quality as well, or they can be high quality, as in the case of
chimeric reads.

Point with the mouse to a read name and hold down the right mouse
button.  You will notice there is a line that says "high quality from
nnn to nnn; aligned from nnn to nnn; chem: prim".  This is giving the
same information in number form.  Highlight the read name first (see
HIGHLIGHTING READ NAMES above) so you don't lose the read as you
scroll.  Then check that the numbers agree with the dimming.

You can play with the dimming options a bit.  Then return it to 'Dim
Low Quality' for the rest of this tour.



TRACES AND EDITING

39) Point with the mouse at a base of one of the reads and click with the
middle mouse button.  (If you have a 2 button mouse, see MONITORS AND
MICE FOR CONSED below.)  The Trace Window showing the traces for that
stretch of read should popup.

There are 2 rows of numbers:

'con' are the consensus positions
'rd'  are the read positions

There are 3 rows of bases in the trace window:

'con' is the consensus
'edt' is where you can edit the base calls of the read
'phd' is the original phred base calls

Notice that a red rectangle blinks (the 'cursor') in the corresponding
positions of the Aligned Reads Window and the Trace Window.


40) Try editing in the Trace Window.  You can click the left mouse
button on a base in the 'edt' line to set the cursor (a blinking red
rectangle).  You can directly overstrike a base by typing a letter.
Try this.  Try undoing it (by clicking on 'undo' ).  If you want to
undo more than one edit, you will have to go back to the main Consed
window and click on the button labeled 'Undo Edit...'--you will learn
that later.  You can overstrike with the following characters: acgt
(bases), * (a pad, in effect deleting the base), and mrwsykvhdb (IUB
ambiguity codes).

You can move left and right with the arrow keys.

We believe that the user should change a base call only while
examining the traces.  That is why editing is done here--not in the
Aligned Reads Window.

41)  You can insert a column of pads by pushing the space bar.  Try
this.  (You may need to click on a base on the 'edt' line first.)

(For those of you new to editing assemblies, a 'pad', which in Consed
and phrap is represented by the '*' character, is used to align
two or more sequences such as these:
     gttgacagtaatcta
     gttgacataatcta
in which one sequence has an inserted or deleted base with respect to
the other.  By inserting the pad character, it is possible to get a
good alignment: 
     gttgacagtaatcta
     gttgaca*taatcta
This is the purpose of pad character--it is just a placeholder.)

You can then overstrike a pad with a base.  In this way you
can insert a base, and still preserve the alignment.

42) Try highlighting a stretch of a read on the edt line by holding
down the middle mouse button and dragging the cursor over some bases.
They will turn yellow as you drag.  Then release the mouse button.  A
window will pop up giving you some choices of what to do with those
(yellow) bases.:


    Make High Quality--makes the highlighted bases edited high quality
        (99).  This tells phrap (when it reassembles) that you are
        sure of the sequence here.
    Change Consensus--make the highlighted bases edited high quality and
        change the consensus to agree with that stretch of the read.
        This is a directive to phrap (upon reassembly) to use that
        stretch of that read to be the consensus.
    Make low quality--makes the highlighted bases edited low quality.
        This tells phrap (when it reassembles) that you are not sure
        of the bases here and phrap can go ahead and make a join even
        if the bases in this region don't match perfectly.
    Make Low Quality to Left End--same as above, but all the way to
        the left end of the read.
    Make Low Quality to Right End--same as above, but all the way to
        the right end of the read.
    Change to n's--Change the highlighted bases to n's which means
        they are unknown bases.  This tells phrap (when it
        reassembles) to not make any join based on these bases.  It is
        useful when you believe the bases may be in the chimeric
        portion of a read.
    Change to n's to left--same as above but to left end.
    Change to n's to right--same as above but to right end.
    Change to x's to left--Change the highlighted bases to x's which
        means they are vector.  This tells phrap to ignore these bases
        for the purpose of determining overlap.
    Change to x's to right--same as above but to right end.
    Add Tag--allows user to add any tag to a stretch of read bases.
    Dismiss--you decided you don't really want to do anything with
        this stretch of bases.

This popup is made so that nothing else works until you choose
something.  Try each of these choices, except for tags, which you'll
try below.

'Change Consensus' has an additional function--if a read extends out
on the right beyond the end of the consensus, you can extend the
consensus by using this function.  You might want to do this, for
example, if crossmatch did not correctly find the cloning site and
thus clipped too much.  You can add these bases to the consensus
by using 'Change Consensus'.  Typically, the quality of these bases in 
the read and in the consensus is 99.  That is so that next time phrap
runs, it will correctly extend the consensus.  

However, if you aren't going to reassemble, you might want to just
leave the quality values the way phred originally called them.  You
can do this by using a Consed parameter
(consed.extendConsensusWithHighQuality), which you will learn more
about later (see CONSED CUSTOMIZATION).


43) To delete a base, overstrike it with a '*' character.  (Phrap
ignores '*', so this is the same as deleting the character.)  If you
overstrike all bases in a column with * characters so the entire
column consists of *'s (including the consensus base), there is no way
to remove the column.  This is OK since when you export the consensus
(try the exercise on EXPORTING THE CONSENSUS), the *'s are not
exported.  While you are editing in Consed, we believe there should be
a visual indication that a base was deleted.



SAVING THE ASSEMBLY

44)  To save the assembly, pull down the 'File' menu on the Aligned
Reads Window, and release on 'Save assembly'.  A box will pop up with
a suggested name.  I suggest you always use the one it suggests.  The
idea is that the ace files:


(project).fasta.screen.ace.1
(project).fasta.screen.ace.2
(project).fasta.screen.ace.3
(project).fasta.screen.ace.4
(project).fasta.screen.ace.5

are in order of how old they are.  If you feel you are taking up too
much disk space, then start deleting the ace files starting at the
oldest.  I do not recommend that you overwrite existing ace files.
The version numbers just keep growing, and that is not a problem.


EXPORTING THE CONSENSUS

45)  Exporting the consensus.  Bring the Aligned Reads Window into view
 again.  Hold down the left mouse button on the 'File' menu and
 release the button on 'Export consensus sequence'.  Notice that the
 consensus will be stored (in this case) in a file called
 'Contig1.fasta'.  Click 'OK'.  There is now a file in your edit_dir
 directory called 'Contig1.fasta' that has the consensus sequence in
 it.  If you want to see the file, bring up another Xterm (if you are
 UNIX literate), and type: 


 cd standard/edit_dir
 more Contig1.fasta


46) Fancier exporting the consensus.  Bring the Aligned Reads Window
into view again.  Hold down the left mouse button on the 'File' menu
but this time release on 'Export consensus sequence (with
options)...'.  Just export a little snip of the consensus, from 400 to
410.  (You will notice this contains a pad * character.)  Under "Write
Both Bases File and Qual File or Just Bases File?" click "Both Files"
Click 'OK'.  Consed will want to call this file 'Contig1.fasta' again.
You can overwrite the existing file.

Look in your other Xterm at these files:

more Contig1.fasta
more Contig1.fasta.qual

The one file contains the bases (but no * pads) and the other
contains the corresponding qualities of those bases.


47)  Exporting the consensus of all contigs at once:  Go to the Main
 Consed Window.  Point to 'File', hold down the left mouse button, and
 release on 'Write all contigs to fasta file'.  You then can choose a
 filename for all contigs to be written to.  (In this project there is 
only 1 contig, so there is no difference between this option and just
exporting a contig at a time.)


48)  COMPLEMENTING THE CONTIG

Push 'Compl Cont' in the Aligned Reads Window to complement the
contig.  This displays the opposite strand of the contig including the
consensus and all reads.  Push this button again to uncomplement it.


49) COLOR MEANS EDITED AND TAGS

(For this step, first click on the 'Dim' menu and release on 'Dim
Nothing'.)  Point to the 'Color' menu, hold down the left mouse button
and release on 'Color Means Edited and Tags'.  Notice that the bases
that you have edited (make sure you have edited some bases) will stand
out in either white or grey (depending on whether the base was made
high quality or low quality).  Observe this both in the Trace Window
and the Aligned Reads window.  This colormode is useful if you are
interested in easily spotting which bases are edited.

Return to the 'Color Means Quality and Tags' colormode by the
following:  point to the 'Color' menu, hold down the left mouse button
and release on 'Color Means Quality and Tags'.

FIND MAIN WINDOW

50) On the Aligned Reads window, click on 'Find Main Win'.  This will
cause the Consed Main Window to pop up in the event you have buried it under
other windows or iconified it.  (This may not work with some settings of
your X emulator.  In that case you will have to find and click on the
Main Window to bring it up.)


MULTIPLE UNDO EDIT

51) Now that the Consed Main Window is visible, click the 'Undo
Edit...'  button.  There will be a popup indicating the most recent
edit.  (If it says "no edits so far", then bring up a trace and make
several edits.  Then click on 'Undo Edit...' again.)  Click 'undo'.
Then you will see the edit that was done before that.  Click 'undo'.
You can continue undoing if you like.  You now know how to undo more
than one edit.  You cannot choose which edits to undo and which to not
undo--edits can only be undone in precisely reverse order from the
order you made them.  Once you save the assembly, you cannot undo
prior edits.

SCROLLING TRACES AND ALIGNED READS TOGETHER

52) In the Aligned Reads window, scroll along the contig to a
different point.  Click the left mouse button on a read whose trace is
already up.  Notice that the existing trace instantly scrolls to the
corresponding location.  Now go to the Trace Window and scroll the
traces to a new location.  Click on the edt line with the left mouse
button.  You will notice that the Aligned Reads window will instantly
scroll to the corresponding location.  Thus you can keep the Aligned
Reads window and the traces scrolled to the same location.

EXAMINING  ALL  TRACES

53) Go to a region where there are lots of reads, say base 1660.  Push
down the right mouse button and release on 'Display traces for all
reads'.  You will see all traces displayed in a scrolling window.  You
can drag the scrollbar on the right down and up to see all the traces.
This feature is particularly useful for polymorphism/mutation
detection work.  This feature was added to work in cooperation with
polyphred.  (See CONSED-POLYPHRED intereaction below.)

In this Traces Window, point at one of the bases of one of the reads
and click with the left mouse button.  The base should start blinking
in red.  Now push the down arrow key on your keyboard.  The cursor
should move to the next read.  Repeatedly type the down arrow key.
Eventually the display should scroll so you can continue to see the
read the cursor is on.  Try the up arrow key as well.

EXITING CONSED

54)  On the Aligned Reads Window, point to 'File' menu, hold down the
left button and release on 'Quit Consed'.  If it asks you some
questions, answer 'Quit Without Saving and Discard .wrk File'.


ASSEMBLY VIEW

55) Consed can show you a bird's eye view of the Assembly using
forward/reverse pair information, sequence match information, read
depth, etc.  We have a test database which shows its features.

Type:
cd assembly_view/edit_dir
(You might need to type "cd ../.." first depending on where you are.)
ls
Restart consed

Double click on "assembly_view.fasta.screen.ace.1"

In the Consed Main Window, click on the button "Assembly View" which is
near the upper left corner of the window.

You should see 3 grey bars with pink labels "2", "3", and "1".  The
bars are the contigs: Pink "1" means Contig1, pink "2" means Contig2,
etc.  Notice the scale on the contigs.  This gives the contig
position.

READ DEPTH

56) You should see two graphs above the contig bars: one bright green
and one dark green.  The dark green graph indicates read depth--the
depth of the quality 20 (by default) region of reads.  Turn off read
depth as follows: Click on the button labelled "What to Show".  A menu
will popup at that location.  Click on the "Read Depth" menu item.  A
box will appear labelled "Show Read Depth".  It has a square (a toggle
button) with "show read depth" to the right of the toggle button.
Click on the toggle button to change it from appearing pushed in to
appearing sticking out.  Then click on "Apply".  The read depth graph
should disappear.  If you would like, you can try showing read depth
for other qualities other than 20.


FORWARD/REVERSE PAIR DEPTH

A "forward/reverse pair" is a pair of reads from the same subclone
template, each of which is primed within the subclone vector, but one
is primed on one side of the insert and the other is primed on the
other end of the insert.  A forward/reverse pair may both be assembled
into the same contig, in which case they should point towards each
other and be approximately the insert size apart.  A forward reverse
pair also might be in different contigs on different sides of a gap.

57) The bright green graph is highest around 7000 to 10000 of Contig2
and around 14000 of Contig3.  The bright green graph indicates, for
each base, the depth of subclone templates that have a consistent
forward/reverse pair.  A forward/reverse pair is "consistent" if the
forward and reverse are pointing towards each other and are not too
far away from each other.  ("Too far" is defined as 3 or more standard
deviations from the mean of the insert size of templates from a
particular library.)  In other words, the green graph tells for each
base, how many consistent forward/reverse pairs have that base between
the forward read and the reverse read.  This forward/reverse pair
depth is not the same as read depth, which is typically much less.
Forward/reverse pair depth is important in that it gives a measure of
the confidence of the assembly at a base.  If the forward/reverse pair
depth is close to zero, as it is in Contig1 position about 9300, there
is a likelihood that phrap has made an incorrect join.  When the
forward/reverse pair depth is zero, the green line turns red, as it
does on the right end of Contig3.

INCONSISTENT FORWARD/REVERSE PAIRS

58)  The red lines connect the right end of Contig3 with the middle of
Contig1.  These are filtered inconsisent forward/reverse pairs--they
are "inconsistent" because they are not consistent (see above) and
they are "filtered" in that they have another inconsistent read
close by (at both ends) that is inconsistent for the same reason.  If
two red lines are on top of one another, it is displayed in purple so
you know there is more than one there.

This is a good example of a misassembly.  There are many many reads at
the right end of Contig3 that are paired with reads in the middle of
Contig1.  Notice that the forward/reverse pair depth of Contig1 is
close to zero around base 9300.  (You can use the "Zoom In" button to
see this in more detail, but when you are done experimenting with the
Zoom buttons and the scroll bar, click on "Zoom Orig" for the rest of
this exercise.)  This is where phrap made a bad join.  If you tear the
contig apart there, complement the left part of Contig1, and then join
it to the right end of Contig3, the forward/reverse pairs will change
from inconsistent to consistent.  You will learn later how to do that.

59)  Point to one of the red lines.  You will notice that it turns yellow.
the box near the bottom of the screen tells you a little more about
what you have "highlighted" (turned yellow).  If you want more
information, click with the left mouse button.  A window "Clicked
Forward/Reverse Pairs" will appear giving information about each
highlighted read.  Try this.  In the "Clicked Forward/Reverse Pairs"
Window double click on one of the reads.  The Aligned Reads Window
should appear with the cursor on that read.  This shows how to go from 
the Assembly View Window to the Aligned Reads Window.  

60) You can also go from the Aligned Reads Window to the Assembly View
Window.  First you must make sure the Assembly View Window is already
open (or else open it by clicking on Assembly View in the Consed Main
Window).  In the Aligned Reads Window, point to a read name, hold down
the right mouse button, and release on "Find Read in Assembly View"
(one of the last items in the menu the appears when you push down with
the right mouse button).  If the read is from a subclone that has a
forward/reverse pair in the assembly, then the same "Clicked
Forward/Reverse Pairs" Window will appear.  It will contain not only
the read that you pointed to, but all of the other reads from the same
subclone as the one you pointed to.  In the Assembly View Window, all
of these reads will blink yellow.  You can use this procedure to go
within the Aligned Reads Window from forward read to reverse read or
visa versa.

61) Notice the aqua and purple lines that connect the right end of
Contig2 to the left end of Contig3.  These are consistent gap-spanning
forward/reverse pairs.  If there is more than one pair on top of each
other, the color is purple.  These are the reads that tell you (and Consed,
Autofinish, and Phrap) that the right end of Contig2 is connected to
the left end of Contig3.  As above, point to one to highlight it and
click on it to see more information.

62) You can see much more information by clicking on the "What to
Show" button, and then when the menu pops up, click on the "Fwd/Rev
Pairs" menu item.  Up will pop the "Which Fwd/Rev Pairs to Show in
Assembly View" Window.  Click on "All" next to "Show Inconsistent
Forward/Reverse Pairs".  Then click "Apply" at the bottom of this
window.  In this particular example, you just see a few more stray red
lines.  In a real example, you would probably see so many red lines
that it would be a mess.  In most cases those inconsistent
forward/reverse pairs would be just caused by some laboratory problem
(turning a plate around, mislabelling, etc) and not to any
misassembly.  Thus I suggest that you only generally leave "Show
Inconsistent Forward/Reverse Pairs" to "Filtered".

63) Still in the "Which Fwd/Rev Pairs to Show in Assembly View"
Window, click on "Show each consistent fwd/rev pair within contigs"
(so the button looks as though it is pushed in) and click "Apply".
This will show a blue (or purple if there is more than one at a
location) square for each consistent forward/reverse pair within a
contig.  The horizontal position of the square is the center of the
subclone (midway between the forward and reverse read) and the
vertical position of the square indicates the size of the subclone
(higher means a larger subclone).  If you really want to see the
position of the forward and reverse reads, you can do that too: Click
on "Show legs on squares for consistent fwd/rev pairs" ("Show each
consistent fwd/rev pair within contigs" must be still on) and click
"Apply".  What a mess!  I believe most of this information is much
more easily understood by just showing the "consistent fwd/rev pair
depth" (the bright green graph described above).  But it is your
choice.  When you want to highlight a consistent fwd/rev pair, you
must point to the square--not the legs.  Try it so you understand.

64) Suppose you have an assembly and there are some forward/reverse
pairs that you specifically do not want to see in the Assembly View
Window.  For example, perhaps they are from a plate that was misnamed
(or turned around) or from a library that is somehow less reliable.
By hiding these forward/reverse pairs, the more reliable/important
ones can more easily be seen.  This is how you can do that:

In the "Which Fwd/Rev Pairs to Show in Assembly View" Window, notice
the line that says: 
Do not show templates in file doNotShowInAssemblyView.fof

Underneath this are 3 buttons and probably the one that is selected is
"show all templates".  Try clicking "do not show specified templates"
and click 'Apply'.  See if you notice that anything changed in which
forward/reverse pairs are displayed.  If not, switch back and forth
between "show all templates" and "do not show specified templates",
each time clicking 'Apply'.  When you see a line that appears and
disappears, click on it to find what template it is.  For example,
djs736a2_fp04q146 is one such template.  Then from an xterm in the
assembly_view/edit_dir directory, type:

more doNotShowInAssemblyView.fof

You will see the names of the templates that are displayed/hidden.

In order to hide particular forward/reverse pairs, put them into
this file.  This file can also contain the character '*' which means
"match any characters".  For example, djs736a1_fp* would match the template

djs736a1_fp04q206

but not 

djs736a2_fp01q127


65) Try turning on/off each of the Fwd/Rev Pair options so you
understand them.  (In this example, there are no "consistent fwd/rev
pairs between different scaffolds.")

SEQUENCE MATCHES

66)  Notice the curvy orange lines connecting Contig1 with Contig2 and
Contig3.  These show sequence matches.  Point at the one connecting
Contig1 and Contig2 and click on it.  A "Sequence Matches" box will
popup saying that this match has 119 bases and has a similarity of
90.8%.  Click on that line so its background turns black.  Then click
on the button "Show Alignment".  Up will pop the Compare Contigs
Window with the alignment shown in the lower half of this box.  You
will learn more about this later (see "JOIN CONTIGS").  For now,
dismiss this window.

67) In the Assembly View Window, click on "What to Show" and then when
the menu pops up, click on "Sequence Matches".  In the "Which Sequence
Matches to Show in Assembly View" Window, try clicking off "ok to show
sequence matches between contigs".  Then click the "Apply" button.
You should see the orange lines disappear.  (Any highlighted lines
will not disappear.)  Click "ok to show sequence matches between
contigs" back on, and click "Apply" and the lines should be back.

68)  Also in the "Which Sequence Matches to Show in Assembly View"
Window, change the minimum similarity from 90 to 85.  Click "Apply".
You should see a lot more orange curvy lines, and now you should also
see black curvy lines.  If you look carefully, you will see that 2
lines within each pair of orange curvy lines do not cross each other
but the 2 lines within each pair of black curvy lines do.  This is
because orange is used to show direct repeats and black is used to
show inverted repeats (relative to the orientation of the contigs in
the Assembly View Window).

69) Also in the "Which Sequence Matches to Show in Assembly View"
Window, click on "filter seq matches by size" and set the min size to
400 and the max size to some huge number (e.g., 1000000) and click
"Apply".  You will see just one direct repeat (orange curvy lines) of
size 745.

70) Try some of the other ways of filtering the sequence matches on
"Which Sequence Matches to Show in Assembly View".


71)  You must learn this step if you are going to ever see sequence
matches with your own data, so don't skip this step.  If you have
problems, it is likely that the phred/phrap/consed package has not
been installed correctly and you will need help from your system
administrator.  Exit Consed and look at the files in
assembly_view/edit_dir.  

Notice there is a file: assembly_view.fasta.screen.ace.1.aview

This is what Consed uses to show sequence matches in the Assembly
View Window.

When you use your own data, you will not have this file so you will
need to learn how to create it.  Hide it from Consed by (in practice
you will never do this step--this is just to simulate the .aview file
not being there):

mv assembly_view.fasta.screen.ace.1.aview assembly_view.fasta.screen.ace.1.aview_hide


Now restart consed and select ace file
assembly_view.fasta.screen.ace.1

If you are asked if you want to apply edits, click the "No" button.

Click on "Assembly View" in the Consed Main Window.

You will get the error message:

"Sequence matches will not be shown in Assembly View because there is
no file
assembly_view.fasta.screen.ace.1.aview
If you want sequence matches to be shown, click on "What to show:
Sequence Matches" and then "run crossmatch"

72) RUNNING CROSSMATCH FOR SEQUENCE MATCHES

Just as the instructions (above) say, click on "What to show" and then 
when the popup menu appears, click on "Sequence Matches" and then when 
the "Which Sequence Matches to Show In Assembly View" Window comes up, 
click on the "Run Crossmatch" button.

Watch the action in the xterm.  There should be several pages worth of
output from crossmatch that scrolls by in the xterm.  If you get an
error, it is likely that the phred/phrap/consed package is not
correctly installed.  You (or your system administrator) should track
down the problems and correct them.

If you are successful, then 3 orange pairs of curvy lines will appear
in the Assembly View Window--the same as you saw in the steps above.



PULLING OUT READS AND RE-ASSEMBLYING THEM (MINIASSEMBLIES)

When the Assembly View Window indicates, using forward-reverse pair
information, that there is a misassembly, Consed provides the tools to
correct that misassembly: you can first pull out the the misassembled
reads from their current contigs into individual contigs, with a
single read per contig.  Then you can reassemble those new contigs
that each contain a single read.  Let's do this:


73) In the Assembly View Window move your cursor so that the red and
purple forward/reverse pair lines turn yellow.  You will be unable to
get them all yellow, but get as many as you can.  Then click with the
left mouse button.  A window labelled "Clicked Fwd/Rev Pairs" should
appear with a very long list of reads in it (around 53 reads).

74) In the "Clicked Fwd/Rev Pairs" Window, click on the button labelled
"Pull out reads".  A window labelled "Put Reads into Their Own Contigs"
should appear.

75) In the "Put Reads into Their Own Contigs" Window, select all of
the reads.  You can do that by clicking with the left mouse button on
the first read and then scrolling down to the bottom of the list of
reads, holding down the shift key and clicking with the left mouse
button on the last read.  (When a read is selected, its background
should be black.)  Click on the button "Remove Highlighted Reads".
The Assembly View Window will close and reopen after a few seconds and
will complain about not being able to show sequence matches.  Save the
assembly (see "SAVING THE ASSEMBLY" above) and follow the instructions
in "RUNNING CROSSMATCH FOR SEQUENCE MATCHES" (above).

The assembly will now probably contain 4 contigs: 2-3-1c in one scaffold
and 4 in the other.  That is because when the misassembled reads were
pulled out of Contig1, it fell into two new contigs: the new contig 1
and contig 4.  All of the reads you pulled out have created Contig5,
Contig6, ... and approximately Contig58, each of which contain only a
single read.

MINIASSEMBLIES

76) On the Consed Main Window, click the button "Miniassembly".  A box
will popup labelled "Reassemble Some Contigs".  On the left part of
the box will be all contigs, from Contig1 to about Contig58.  Notice
that starting with Contig5 will be contigs that contain only a single
read.  On the right will be Contig5 through approximately Contig58.
You add or delete from the list on the right.  For example, to delete
Contig5 from the list on the right, click on it, and then click "Clear
Highlighted".  The right list should now only contain Contig6 through
the last contig.  Add Contig5 back to the right list by clicking on
Contig5 in the left list and then clicking on the button labelled
"Move Highlighted to Right".  Contig5 will now appear at the bottom of
the list on the right.

77) Leave all of these boxes blank: "-minscore", "-minmatch",
"-forcelevel", and "other phrap options:".  Keep "Put into separate
contigs" selected rather than "Disgard from assembly".  Click the
"Reassemble" button.  If you haven't saved the assembly, a box will
popup saying "Error You must first save the assembly before making a
miniassembly".  Follow the instructions you learned above ("SAVING THE
ASSEMBLY") to save the assembly.  Then click the "Reassemble" button
again and watch the action in the xterm.  Lots of output from
determineReadTypes.perl, phrap, crossmatch will scroll by in the xterm
as those programs run.  (If they don't, you haven't correctly
installed all of the Consed package.)

78) When the miniassembly is complete, a box will popup asking "Would
you prefer to discard this miniassembly and reassemble again?"  Click
the "No" button.

79) On the Consed Main Window, click the "Assembly View" button.
Consed will complain about not being able to show Sequence Matches so
save the assembly and follow the instructions in "RUNNING CROSSMATCH
FOR SEQUENCE MATCHES" (above).  In the Assembly View Window in
addition to Contig1, Contig2, Contig3, and Contig4, you should see a
few more contigs.  These are the result of the miniassembly of all
those individual reads.


CONTIG ARRANGEMENT--REORDER CONTIGS

Contigs are arranged by Consed into "scaffolds" using forward/reverse pair
information.  However, you might have some external information (such
as digest information) that tells you a different arrangement.  You
can use Consed to rearrange the contigs.  This new arrangement will be
preserved even if you reassemble.

80)  Exit Consed and then restart Consed.

Double click on "assembly_view.fasta.screen.ace.1"

(If a window pops up saying "There is an edit history file ( a .wrk
file )...", click the "No" button.)

Click on the "Assembly View" button.  You will see two scaffolds: one
on the top row with Contig2 and Contig3, and one on the bottom row
with just Contig1.  Now suppose that you believe that Contig2 and
Contig1 are connected together instead of Contig2 and Contig3.  To do
this:

81)  Within the Assembly View Window, click on the "Contig Arrangement"
 button.  Up will pop a menu.  Click on "Reorder Contigs".  A "Reorder
 Contigs" Window will pop up.  Enter the following information:

Contig: 2 [Right End] connected to Contig: 1 [Left End]

That is, you must enter "2" and "1" in the contig boxes, and you must
click on the first "right end" button.  

Then click on the "Add and Restart Assembly View" button.  A warning
box will pop up telling you that you are crazy, because there are 12
forward/reverse pairs as evidence that the scaffold as displayed in
the Assembly View Window is already correct.  Click on "yes"--that you
are sure.

The Assembly View Window will disappear for a second and reappear,
with Consed2 and Contig1 connected together, just as you wanted.

CONTIG ORIENTATION

82) Some users want a scaffold oriented a particular way.  For
example, one user might be working on a particular gene so wants to
always view the top strand of that gene.  Another user might be
finishing a BAC and wants the 5' end of the BAC on the left of the
scaffold.  Phrap, however, may not respect their wishes and might have
contigs complemented from the way the users want to view them.  Consed
provides a way for the user to indicate his/her desired orientation,
and thereafter if phrap complements a contig from that desired
orientation, Consed will complement the contig back when Consed starts
up.

To demonstrate this, exit Consed and then restart Consed.

Double click on "assembly_view.fasta.screen.ace.1"

In the Consed Main Window, double click on Contig1.  You will see read
djs736a2_fp02q494.y1 pointing left.  But let's suppose that you would
rather the Contig be in the other orientation, with read
djs736a2_fp02q494.y1 pointing right.  

In the Consed Main Window, click on Assembly View.  Then click on the
button labelled "contig arrangement".  When a popup menu comes up,
click on "Reorient Contigs".  The "Reorient Contigs Window" should
come up.  Highlight the scaffold labelled "1" under "Select a
scaffold".  Click on "flip scaffold".  Then push the button labelled
"Apply and Restart Assembly View".  There will be an error box
complaining about not being able to show sequence matches.  To fix
that, save the assembly and follow the instructions in "RUNNING
CROSSMATCH FOR SEQUENCE MATCHES" (above).  In the Consed Main Window,
double click on Contig1 so the Aligned Reads Window comes up.  Scroll
to the right end.  You will notice that djs736a2_fp02q494.y1 is now on 
the right end pointing right.  

What is the difference between doing this and just complementing the
contig, which just takes the click of a button?  The difference is
that complementing the contig will be undone the next time phrap runs, 
but using this procedure will be permanent, even if phrap complements
the contig.


CONSED-POLYPHRED INTERACTION

Polyphred is a program for finding polymorphic sites; it was developed by
Debbie Nickerson's group (contact them at http://droog.mbt.washington.edu).

We have a test database, 'polyphred', which has had polyphred run on
it already.  Polyphred has put a polymorphism tag on each polymorphic
site.

If Consed is running, exit it.

Type:

cd polyphred/edit_dir
(You might need to first type "cd ../.." depending on where you are.)
ls

Restart Consed.

Double click on example2.fasta.screen.ace.1

When Consed comes up, you should see 2 contigs.
Double click on Contig2

In the Aligned Reads Window, push the left mouse button while pointing
to the 'Navigate' menu and release on: 

'Toggle feature:  when navigating to consensus location, pop up all
traces (currently off)' 

That will turn this feature on.

Now push the left mouse button while pointing to the 'Navigate' menu
and release on 'Tags'.  Up should pop a list of tag types.  Double
click on 'polymorphism'.   Polyphred has already been run so the
consensus is tagged with polymorphism tags at each polymorphic site.  
Up will pop a window labelled 'Polymorphism Tags' with a list of
sites.  Click on 'Next'.

If you correctly followed the instructions above, all the traces should
pop up at the first polymorphic site.  You may want to reposition the
traces window to see it better.  

Now ignore the original 'Polymorphism Tags' window and instead click
on 'Next' in the *traces* window.  This will take you to the next
polymorphic site.  Pretty nice, huh?


Dismiss the Traces Window.


83)  ALPHABETICAL ORDERING OF READS

The reads can be ordered in two ways:

	a) alphabetically
	b) first all the top strand reads and then all the bottom
		strand reads.  The top strand reads are then ordered
		by the left end of the reads.  Same with the bottom
		strand reads.

Try changing between a) and b).  In the Consed Main Window (click on
'Find Main Win' on the Aligned Reads Window if you can't find the Main
Consed Window because it is covered up with other windows), pull down
the 'Options' menu, and release on 'General Preferences'.  Scroll down
until you find 'Display reads sorted alphabetically or by strand/left
end of read.'  Switch it between 'alpha' and 'strand'.  Then click
'Apply and Dismiss'.  Notice the effect in the Aligned Reads Window.
Many polymorphism and mutation detection labs find that alphabetically
sorting is most useful, while many genomic sequencing labs find that
sorting by strand/left end of read is most useful.





After you are done playing with these features, exit Consed and go back
to the previous database:

cd standard/edit_dir
(You might need to first type "cd ../.." depending on where you are.)

ls
Restart Consed.
Double click on standard.fasta.screen.ace.1

When it says "There is an edit history file (a .wrk file)...Do you
want to apply those edits?", click on "no".

Double click on Contig1 to bring up the Aligned Reads Window again in
preparation for the next step.



NAVIGATING

84) In the Aligned Reads window, pull down the Navigate menu and
release on 'Low consensus quality'.  You will see a list of locations.
Move the 'Low consensus quality' window down so you can see the
Aligned Reads window.  

Repeatedly click on 'Next' until you reach the end of the list.  (Low
consensus quality means an area in which the bases each have too high
probability of being wrong.)  This saves you from having to look
through large amounts of high quality data trying to find problem
areas.

There are 2 'Next' buttons--one on the Aligned Reads Window and one on
the Low Consensus Quality Window.  You can click on either, but it is
probably more convenient to use the 'Next' button on the Aligned Reads
Window.  Thus you can keep the Aligned Reads Window in
front with input focus and keep the Low consensus quality window
pushed out of the way.

You may want to click on the 'Save' button in the Low consensus
quality Window to save to a file a copy of this list of problem areas
as you work through them.

In our experience, this will be the most important navigate list you
will use.  In fact, finishing partly consists mainly of adding reads
and rephrapping until this list is reduced to nothing.

85) Dismiss the Low consensus quality window.  Pull down the
'Navigate' menu again and release on 'High quality discrepancies as
above, but omitting tagged compressions and G_dropouts'.  You will
probably notice there are no entries (unless you created some yourself
by editing).  That is because there are no high quality discrepancies
with this dataset.  So let's force there to be some by lowering the
quality threshold.  First, dismiss the High quality discrepancies
window.

Click on 'Find Main Win'.  In the Consed Main Window, pulldown the
'Options' menu and release on 'General Preferences'.  Notice that the
default for 'Threshold for High Quality Discrepancy' is 40.  Change it
to 15 and click 'Apply & Dismiss'.

Then follow the steps above to bring up the High quality discrepancies
menu.  Now you will see several entries.  Click 'next' repeatedly to
go successively to the next high quality discrepancy in the Aligned
Reads Window.

You can also double click on a particular line in the High quality
discrepancies window to go to that location.  Alternatively, you can
single click on a line and then click the 'Go' button.

Dismiss the High quality discrepancies window.


86) Similarly, try the other navigate lists: Unaligned high quality
regions (this list will be empty with this data set), Edits, Regions
covered by only 1 strand and only 1 chemistry, and Regions covered by only 1
subclone.

Unaligned high quality regions are regions in which the traces are
high quality so there is no question of the bases, but the region
differs so much from other reads that phrap has given up trying to
align the region with the consensus.  This could be due to a chimeric
read, or perhaps the read belongs somewhere else.

We believe that regions covered by only 1 subclone should be covered
by a 2nd subclone to prevent the possibility of there being a deletion
in the single subclone.

There are so many different problem lists that you may forget to check
one of them and thus miss a serious problem.  Thus we combined them
all into a single list.  This is the first menu item: 'Low Cons/High
Qual Discrep/Single Stranded/Single Subclone/Unaligned High'.  We
suggest you use this list.

87) Also try navigate by tags by selecting 'tags' under navigate: when
the Select Tag Type Window appears, double click on 'compression'.
(Note that you can't do anything else until you deal with this
window.)  This gives a list of a particular tag type in a particular
contig.

88)  There is also a way of getting a list of a particular tag type in
all contigs:  Click on 'Find Main Win'.  In the Consed Main Window,
point to the 'Navigate' menu, hold down the left mouse button, and
release on 'Tags in all contigs'.  Continue as in the previous step.
(Since there is only one contig, this list will not be any different
than the corresponding list for Contig1.)


PRIMER-PICKING


89) Go to some location near the right end of the contig, say base
2470.  Click with the right mouse button on the consensus and click on
either one of the top strand primer choices (either from subclone
template or from clone template).  Consed will pause a moment, and
then there will appear a selection of primers that pass all of
Consed's requirements.  (If you get an error message, Consed might not
have been correctly installed.  See INSTALLING CONSED above.)
Templates are also chosen for each primer.  You may have to scroll the
primer list to the right to see the templates.  Consed lists these
templates in order of quality--all of them will cover the read you
want to make.

Double click on one of the primers in the Primers Window.  That will
cause the Aligned Reads Window to scroll to show that oligo in
context.  Click on 'Accept Primer'.  A comment box will pop up.  Enter
some comment and click 'OK'.  Notice that a yellow oligo tag, with a
little red end, is created on the consensus for that primer.  The red
end points in the direction of the oligo.  The tag contains all the
information you need to order that oligo and do the reaction--you will
learn how to pop it up below under 'tags'.

What is the difference between 'Pick Primer from Subclone Template'
and 'Pick Primer from Clone Template'?  

There are 3 differences:  

A.  which vector file the primers are screened against.  In the former
case, the primer is screened against the file primerSubcloneScreen.seq
and in the latter case against the file primerCloneScreen.seq 

B.  In checking for false matches elsewhere in the assembly, if the
template is the whole clone, then Consed must check for false matches
in the *entire* assembly, including all other contigs.  But if the
template is just going to be a subclone, Consed only needs to check
elsewhere in that subclone.  Actually, to be conservative, Consed
checks for false matches +/- the maximum insert size of a subclone.

C.  If you are picking primers for subclone template, then the primer
picker can also pick the subclone templates.  If it doesn't find any
suitable subclone template, it will reject the primer.  (By default,
picking of subclone templates is turned on.  If you prefer to pick
your own primers, and want Consed's primer picker to be much faster,
you can turn it off temporarily or permanently.  To turn it off
temporarily, go to the Consed Main Window, point to the Options menu,
hold down the left mouse button and release on 'Primer Picking
Preferences'.  Scroll down to 'Pick Subclone Templates for Primers'
and click 'False'.  Click on 'Apply and Dismiss'.  To change this
permanently, see CONSED CUSTOMIZATION below.  Beware: you must
correctly customize determineReadTypes.perl for template picking to
work.  See INSTALLING CONSED above.)

If you are interested in the details of primer-picking, see the
section 'AUTOFINISH AND PRIMER PARAMETERS' (below).

When you are done editing and have saved the assembly and exited
Consed, run ace2Oligos.perl (supplied with this distribution--make
sure your system administrator installed it) which will extract all
the oligos you just created.  This is handy for email ordering of
oligos.

In the xterm, type:

ace2Oligos.perl standard.fasta.screen.ace.2 oligos.txt

where standard.fasta.screen.ace.2 is whatever the name is of the ace
file you just saved.

ace2Oligos.perl does not record the comments that the finisher
entered when creating the oligo.  If you want to record that as well,
you could use the script ace2OligosWithComments.perl which was written
by a Consed user and thus is found in the "contributions" directory.

90)  WHEN CONSED CAN'T FIND AN ACCEPTABLE PRIMER

Sometimes Consed refuses to pick a primer.  This is because it has
tried every possible primer and rejected it for one reason or
another.  If you don't understand why it didn't pick a particular
primer, you can ask it as follows:

In the Aligned Reads Window, point to the "Misc" menu, hold down the
left mouse button and release on "Check Primer".  Enter the left and
right consensus positions of the primer, check which strand, and
whether the primer is to use subclone templates or the whole clone as
a template.  Consed will tell you all that is wrong with that primer.
Try looking at a top strand subclone primer from 2340 to 2360.


91)  PICKING PCR PRIMER PAIRS

In the Aligned Reads Window, go to the location where you want to pick
the first PCR primer, say base 500.  Point to the consensus, hold down
the right mouse button and release on "Top Strand PCR Primer".  Then
scroll to the location where you want to pick the second PCR primer,
say base 2200.  Point to the consensus, hold down the right mouse
button and release on "Bottom Strand PCR Primer".  There will be a
pause and then there will be a list of PCR primer pairs.  Click on the 
pair you want and click "Accept Pair".  

You can modify the parameters for choosing PCR primer pairs by going
to the Consed Main Window, pointing to "Options", holding down the
left mouse button, and releasing on "Primer Picking Preferences."  For
example, by default Consed does not display all PCR primer pairs--this
would take too long and give you too many.  However, you can ask it to
show you all such pairs.  In the Primer Picking Preferences, scroll
down to "Check All PCR Pairs (huge) or Just Sample?" and click on
"All".  Then click on "Apply and Dismiss".  Then pick PCR primers
again, as above.  Don't be surprised if you get 10,000 or more pairs
of primers!


SEARCH FOR STRING

92) Try the 'Search for String' button (left side of the Aligned Reads
Window).  Type in a string (such as aaaca), and click 'ok'.  There
should be a list of 'hits'.  Double click on one of the hits (or
single click on it and click on 'go'.)  Notice that the Aligned Reads
Window scrolls to that position and has the cursor on the found
string.  (It might be complemented.)

Dismiss this window.  Try this again, only this time in the Search For
String Window select 'Search Just Reads'.  Then click 'OK'.  You will
notice there are many more hits.  This is because this shows hits in
each read, even if they are at the same consensus position.

You can also try the approximate match search for string by clicking
on 'Approximate' instead of 'Exact'.  The 'Per Cent Mismatch' only
applies to the Approximate match search.  

COPY AND PASTE

93) In the Aligned Reads Window, swipe some bases by holding down the
left mouse button.  You should see the bases turn yellow, at least
temporarily.  Then click the 'Search for String' button.  Use the
middle mouse button to paste the bases you have just swiped into the
'Query string:' box.  Notice that you can swipe bases either from the
consensus or from a read.

The search for string is case-insensitive so don't worry about the
pasting being upper or lowercase.


CORRECTING FALSE JOINS MADE BY PHRAP

94)  Phrap may put several reads together that you believe do not belong
together.  (For example, you may see several high quality
discrepancies between the reads.)  If you are sure these reads do not
belong together, you can force a subsequent reassembly by phrap to not
assemble those reads together.  You do this by finding a location
where there is a high quality discrepancy.  Then click on the read
with the right mouse button and release on 'Tell phrap not to overlap
reads discrepant at this location'.  There are no high quality
discrepancies with this dataset so Consed won't let you do this.
(Try it and see.)  However, when you use your own data, you may get
the chance! 

It is possible to automate this procedure using AutoEdit (see USING
AUTOEDIT).



ADDING NEW READS

95) For this to work, your system administrator must have set up
everything correctly. (See below in INSTALLING CONSED.)  Assuming you
have set everything up correctly, you can now experiment with adding
reads.

From a UNIX prompt, copy the new chromatograms into the chromat_dir
directory:

cp ../chromats_to_add/* ../chromat_dir

Exit Consed and bring it up again using the original ace file
standard.fasta.screen.ace.1 

If it asks if you want to apply edits, just say 'no'.

On the Main Window, click on the Add New Reads button.  There will
appear a list of files ending with .fof. These are files that contain
lists of chromatograms.  Double click on 'reads_to_add.fof' Then
Consed will ask "If a read doesn't align against any existing contig,
do you want to have it go into a contig by itself?  (otherwise it will
just not be put into the assembly)" Users usually prefer to answer
"yes".  Consed will ask "Do you want to recalculate the consensus
quality values where each of the new reads is aligned?"  Answer yes or
no, but in practice you should generally answer "yes."  There should
be lots of progress output in the xterm from which you started Consed.
When it completes, there will be a Reads Added Window popup with a
report of which reads were added.  In this case, it should say that 9
reads were successfully added and list them.

If you get an error message, look carefully at the full error message
in the xterm to diagnose the problem.  Probably there is some mistake
in how you installed Consed.  See INSTALLING CONSED (above).


TEAR CONTIG

Just so you get the same results as I do, exit Consed and bring it up
again using the original ace file

standard.fasta.screen.ace.1 

If it asks if you want to apply edits, just say 'no'.

      
96) When phrap really screws up, you may want to just tear the contig
apart in several places and then join the pieces back together in a
different way.  Let's try it:

Go to location 1500.  Point the mouse at the consensus base at 1500
and push the right mouse button down.  Release the button on 'Tear
Contig at This Consensus Position'.  Up will pop a list of reads with
2 little buttons next to them <- and ->.  Leave everything as it is
and just click 'Do Tear'.  (If you want to play around with which
reads goes into which contig, do that another time.)

Now you should have 2 Aligned Reads Windows on top of each other.  One
should contain 'Contig2' and the other 'Contig3'.  Dismiss the little
window that says 'Tear Complete'.


JOIN CONTIGS

97)  Now let's join these 2 contigs back together:


Click on 'Search for String' and type in the following bases:
agctgccatc

Click 'OK'. 

Search for string should find 2 locations, one in Contig2 and one in
Contig3:

Contig2     (consensus)     1447-1456  (uncomplemented)
Contig3     (consensus)     829-838    (uncomplemented)

Double click on the first one.  The Aligned Reads Window for Contig2
will scroll to location 1447 and the window will raise up.  In that
Aligned Reads Window, click on 'Compare Cont'.

Now double click on the 'Contig3' line in the above Search for String
results.  The Aligned Reads Window for Contig3 will scroll to location
829 and lift up.  In that Aligned Reads Window, click on 'Compare
Cont'.

Now the Compare Contigs Window should be visible.  In the Compare
Contigs Window, try scrolling back and forth.  You can change the
cursors (blinking red), but if you do, please return them to the
locations 1447 and 829 for the next step.  The cursors 'pin' these
bases together when doing an alignment.  (The algorithm is a pinned
and banded Smith-Waterman alignment.)

Click on Align.  Try scrolling the alignment by dragging the thumb in
the lower half of the Compare Contigs.  An 'X' means there is a
discrepancy between the 2 contigs.  There is also a 'P' (see if you
can find it!)  The P indicates the bases that you pinned together.

You will also notice that some bases are lighter and some are darker.
This indicates quality just as in the Aligned Reads Window.  You will
notice that wherever there an is a discrepancy (an 'X') one of the
bases is low quality.  This is your cue that the discrepancy is just a
base calling error rather than indicating that the two contigs really
are different but similar locations.

Click with the left mouse button on either contig in the bottom
alignment.  You will notice that both contigs will have the red
blinking cursor in the same position.  Click on 'Scroll Both Aligned
Reads Windows' and look at the Aligned Reads Windows to see that they
scroll to the corresponding positions.  You can have traces up for the
contigs, and they will scroll as well.  Experiment with this.  Then
click 'Join Contigs'.  The 2 previous Aligned Reads Windows will
disappear and there will be a new one which has a new contig
'Contig4'.  You have made a join!   

Scroll left and right.  You will notice that many of the reads are
highlighted.  These are the reads that came from the previous "right"
contig.  To unhighlight all of these reads at once, point to the
"Misc" menu, hold down the left mouse button and release on
"Unhighlight All Reads".

It is possible to have more than one Compare Contigs Windows up at a
time.  This allows you to investigate a repeat that has more than 2
copies.

COMPARE CONTIGS WINDOW AND INVERTED REPEATS

In the above example, we used the Compare Contigs Window to
examine a sequence match between two different contigs.  It is also
possible to use the Compare Contigs Window to examine a sequence
match between two copies of a repeat within the same contig, either
direct or inverted.  

98)  To see this, restart Consed:

../../consed_(computer type) 
Double click on standard.fasta.screen.ace.1

When it says "There is an edit history file (a .wrk file)...Do you
want to apply those edits?", click on "no".

Double click on Contig1 to bring up the Aligned Reads Window.  Go to
position 69 (use the "Pos:" box described above).  Click the "Compare
Cont" button on the Aligned Reads Window.  The Compare Contigs Window
will popup, but move it aside.  Go to position 2035 in the Aligned
Reads Window.  Click the "Compare Contig" button again on the Aligned
Reads Window.  In the Compare Contigs Window there are two copies of
Contig1--one on top and one on the bottom.  Each has a "complement
just in this window" button.  Click on the bottom one (the one that
has position 2035 blinking red).  After clicking on it, you should
notice that the numbers on the bottom contig are reversed to they
decrease to the right--a copy of Contig1 has been reversed and
complemented.  Now click the "Align" button.  Suddenly, you should see
the alignment appear in the bottom half of the Compare Contigs Window.
You should see bases between 69-78 aligned against the reversed
complement of bases from 2026-2035.

This has shown how you explore an inverted repeat.  If you wanted to
examine a direct repeat, you would use the same method except you
wouldn't click on the "complement just in this window" button.

Compare Contigs is one method of exploring joins of contigs that were
not made by phrap.  Another method is to use the Assembly View Window
(above).  They are designed to work together: the Assembly View Window
gives a high level view of all sequence matches and takes you to the
Compare Contigs Window which shows the alignment of a single sequence
match and, if the user so desires, makes a join.


REMOVING READS

99) You can remove individual reads and put them into their own
contigs.  For example, in the Aligned Reads Window, go to location
2000.  Point to the read name of read djs74_2664.s1 and hold down the
right mouse button.  Release on 'Put read djs74_2664.s1 into its own
contig.'  Presto-chango!  The read is put into its own contig and the
old contig is redrawn without the read in it.  At this point you
should save the assembly--you should always save the assembly after
removing reads.

100)  You can also remove many reads at once.

Look at the Consed Main Window.  Click on "Remove Reads".  Type into
the "File of read names:" box "reads_to_remove.fof" and either push
the "Enter" key or click on "Read File".  You should see a list of 2
reads:

djs74-2231.s1
djs74-3174.s1

You can click back and forth between the choices of "Delete Reads from
Assembly" and "Just Put Each Read into Its Own Contig".  Try each
one.  


Delete Reads from Assembly means that the read will no longer appear
in Consed.  When you are using your own data and you really want to
remove reads from the assembly, you must also use the UNIX "rm"
command to remove the corresponding phd files from phd_dir and the
chromatograms from chromat_dir.  Otherwise, the next time you run
phredPhrap, the reads, like Phoenix, will rise again to become part of
the next assembly.

After you have completed this exercise, restart Consed so that you
have all the reads in their original locations for the following
exercises.

TAGS

101) Bring up a trace for a read (as above).  Swipe some bases on the
'edt' line while holding the middle mouse button down.  A list of
choices will pop up.  Select 'Add Tag'.  Type in a comment in the box
at the bottom, and select 'comment' from the list of tag types.  You
will now see a blue box both in the Aligned Reads Window and in the
Traces Window on that read.

To see the comment, you can just point to it in the Aligned Reads
Window and you will see the comment in the lower right hand corner of
the Aligned Reads Window.  Alternatively, you can click on that blue
tag in the Aligned Reads Window with the right mouse button and
release on 'Tag: comment Show more info?'.  Alternatively, you can
click on the blue tag in the Traces Window with the right mouse
button.

Try creating some other kinds of tags: again swipe some bases in the
Trace Window by selecting a different tag type.  You will notice that
different tags are in different colors.  You can always use the
methods above to see what kind of tag it is if you forget what a
particular color means.

You can also define your own tag types.  See below CREATING CUSTOM TAG
TYPES for how to do that.

CREATING LONG TAGS

102) You can create really, really long tags as follows: Just create a
short version of the tag as above for where you want the tag to start.
Then figure out the consensus position of where you want the tag to
end.  In the Aligned Reads Window, click on the short tag with the
right mouse button and release on 'tag: show more info?' (as above).
A Tag Window will appear for that tag.  In the Tag Window, simply
change the End Unpadded Consensus Position to the place you want it to
end.  Then click 'OK'.  You will now notice that the tag will be as
long as you wanted.

CONSENSUS TAGS

103) You can create tags on the consensus in the same way.  In the
Aligned Reads Window, use the middle mouse button to swipe some bases
on the consensus in the Aligned Reads Window.  Up will pop a list of
tag types.  Click on one of them.  Try it again somewhere else.  Try
it with the tag type being 'comment'.  In this case, you must enter a
comment.  Notice the pretty colors!  If you forget which tag type a particular
color represents, just point at the colored tag with the mouse and the
tag type will be displayed at the bottom of the Aligned Reads Window.

104)  Try creating some tags that overlap each other.  You will notice
that the overlapping region will be purple.  If you want to know which
tags overlap, you can use any of the methods already discussed.


SEARCH FOR READ NAME

105) Restart Consed using the original ace file

standard.fasta.screen.ace.1 

If it asks if you want to apply edits, just say 'no'.

Instead of clicking on a read or contig name, type a read name into
the "Find reads containing (*'s allowed):".  If you want to look at
the location containing read djs74-2689.s1, you can just type "2689"
and then push the "Enter" key and Consed will immediately bring up the
Aligned Reads Window with the cursor on read djs74-2689.s1.  Suppose
that there were more than one read that matched?  For example, suppose
you type: "26" and then push the "Enter" key.  This matches 3 reads:

djs74-2689.s1
djs74-2679.s1
djs74-2664.s1 

Try it and see what happens...

Try entering "26*9" and see what happens.  What does the "*" mean?

Try using "Find 1st read starting with:".  Try typing djs74-2 You will
notice that as you type each letter, the first item in the list that
matches the letters typed will be highlighted.  Experiment with
deleting a few letters and typing others.  This is a powerful method
of quickly getting to the read name you are interested in.  When you
get to the name in the list, you do not have to type the rest of the
name--just type carriage return or else click on 'OK'.


ONLINE DOCUMENTATION

106) On the Aligned Reads Window or on the Consed Main Window, click on
the 'Help' menu and release on 'Show Documentation'.  You will see
this document.  You can search for keywords in it.


THE .WRK FILE

107) Consed keeps a log of all changes you make to an assembly: adding
new reads, putting reads into their own contigs, making joins and
tears, adding and removing tags, and changing bases.  This log is kept
in a file ending with ".wrk".

If Consed (or your computer) crashes, Consed can use the .wrk file to
recover your edits (base changes, adding and removing tags, and
complementing contigs).

Make an edit (remember, edits are made in the Trace Window) and jot
down its location.  Also note the name of the ace file which is
displayed in the upper left box in the Aligned Reads Window.  Then
simulate a crash by going to the xterm where you started Consed and
typing control-C (holding down the control key, and typing C).
Restart Consed and select the same ace file you noted (above).  A box
will come up saying 'There is an edit history (a .wrk file) Consed may
have crashed during a previous session with this same file.  Do you
want to apply those edits?'  Click on 'yes'.  Go and find the edits
you made before Consed crashed--you will find them.

108)  You should save your edits by pulling open the 'File' menu on the
Aligned Reads Window, and releasing on 'Save assembly'.


RESTRICTION DIGEST

109)  Restart Consed.

Double click on "standard.fasta.screen.ace.1"

In the Consed Main Window, click the "Digest" button.  For the
purpose of this exercise, the full pathname of file of vector sequence
can refer to any file of sequence in fasta format.  However, when you
are using it with your own data it should refer to a file that
contains the sequence of your cloning vector. For example, if you are
sequencing a BAC, it should contain BAC vector.  The sequence must
start at the vector/insert junction that you used when you ligated the
insert.

Click "OK".  You will see a comparison of in-silico fragments (those
calculated from the sequence) and real fragments (those in
fragSizes.txt which supposedly came from a real gel).

* If a band is red, that means that it doesn't match.  
* If a band has a "v" on it, that means it is a vector fragment.
* If a band has a "g" on it, that means it is a gap-spanning fragment.

Move the pointer over the fragments, and you will see the fragment
sizes appear.  Move the pointer to the in-silico fragment with size
2299.  Click on it.  You will see the fragment on the left size of the
window become highlighted.  Click on the button labeled "right end"
(2nd row from the bottom of the window) and the Aligned Reads Window
will pop up, with the cursor on the right end of the fragment.

Click on "show problems" and navigate through the list of problems by
clicking on "next".  You will notice that the Gel Window is zoomed
in.  To return to the original zoom, click on "Zoom Original".  

Where it says "Select Enzyme:", point to "EcoRV", hold down the left
mouse button and release on "HindIII".  This is how you change
enzymes.

Click on the button labeled "Text Output".  This can be saved to a
file and printed out.

Dismiss the restriction digest window.  On the Consed Main Window,
click the "Digest" button again.  Notice the file "fragSizes.txt".
This is a file of actual gel fragment sizes.  If you don't have an
actual gel, but rather you want to just make predictions of fragment
sizes from the sequence, you can leave this box blank (erase the
"fragSizes.txt").  Try that.


fragSizes.txt has the following format:

>EcoRV
448
710
1102
1197
-1
>HindIII
448
508
586
735
801
-1
 
where EcoRV and HindIII are enzymes and the numbers below them are the 
actual fragment sizes.  Each enzyme list is terminated by -1.  

Consed does its best to try to figure out which end of the clone
insert is connected to which end of the vector.  However, it sometimes
is wrong.  If you believe it is wrong, you can click "compl vector" to
try connecting the insert to the vector in the opposite orientation
and see if that produces better agreement with the actual digest.


PROTEIN TRANSLATION AND OPEN READING FRAMES

110)  If you would like, you can see the amino acid translation of the
consensus in all reading frames.  In the Aligned Reads Window, push
down the left mouse button on the 'Misc' menu and release on 'Show Top
Strand Protein Translation'.  Try again but this time release on 'Show
Bottom Strand Protein Translation'.  Notice that there are 2
characters that are in magenta color.  What are those characters?  Why
are they made in a different color?  To not show the protein
translation, push down the left mouse button on the 'Misc' menu and
release on 'Don't show protein translation'.

111)  You can search for open reading frames (a methionine and a stop
codon within the same reading frame) within a contig.  In the
Aligned Reads Window, push the left mouse button on 'Navigate' and
release on 'Search for Open Reading Frames'.  Notice that the open
reading frames are shown for all 6 reading frames and are sorted by
length.


ERROR RATE

112)  In the Aligned Reads Window is a box (upper right) labelled
'Err/10kb'.  This is the estimated error rate for this contig, and it
is a good indicator of when you are done (or not done) finishing.
In addition, you can find the error rate for a particular region of
contig as follows:  Point at 'Misc' menu, hold down the left mouse
button, pull down and release on 'Show Error Info For Region'.  Fill 
in the boxes for left and right consensus position, click on
'Calculate' and you will be given the error and single subclone data
for that region.


RUNNING PHRED and PHRAP


phred and phrap *must* be run via the phredPhrap perl script.  If you
don't do this, you are on your own.  If you run phred on its own, and
then you run phrap on its own, you will get an ace file that will not
be usable by Consed.  After you have run into problems (and you
probably will), then do not email us--instead please use the
phredPhrap script.  To use the phredPhrap script to run phred and
phrap:

113)  Type:
phredPhrap -V

It should say:
030326
(or newer).

If it does not, then you probably have not installed all the perl
scripts from the scripts directory, as directed in INSTALLING CONSED.

114)  Make a copy of the standard dataset.  E.g.,

(First go up by typing "cd .." until you see "standard" when you type "ls".

Then type:
cp -r standard test
cd test

115)  Delete all the files in phd_dir and edit_dir:

rm phd_dir/*
rm edit_dir/*

116)  cd edit_dir

117)  Run phredPhrap by typing

phredPhrap

That's it--you no longer need to type *any* arguments, and generally
you should not.  (Please do *not* use the -notags option any longer.)
If you want to add phrap options, you can do that: 

e.g.,

phredPhrap -forcelevel 3

Then run Consed on the resulting ace file as indicated in the beginning of
the Quick Tour (above).  If you have any problems, this is the time to 
diagnose them before you use your own data.  

COMMON PROBLEMS RUNNING PHREDPHRAP

118)  Problems that were due to polyphred.  To check this, in
phredPhrap, leave the following line:

$bUsingPolyPhred = 0;

This will make polyphred not be used.  If the problem then goes away,
you will know the problem has something to do with polyphred so do not
contact any of the phred/phrap/Consed people.  Instead, contact the
polyphred people:  http://droog.mbt.washington.edu and
dpc@u.washington.edu and debnick@u.washington.edu

119) Permission problems.  Check that you have write access to the
phd_dir and edit_dir directories.  You can do this by trying to create
a file in those directories:

touch ../phd_dir/xxx
which creates a file

ls -l ../phd_dir/xxx
which checks if the file was created.

Do the same with ../edit_dir/xxx

If you get a permission problem, do not contact me.  UNIX permission
problems are very simple for anyone who knows UNIX--get someone
locally who understands UNIX and can help you solve the permission
problem.


 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

USING AUTOFINISH


Note:  Before you use Autofinish on your own data, you must modify
determineReadTypes.perl.  See INSTALLING CONSED above for information
about this.  

To do the exercises in this section, it would help to be able to edit
a file under UNIX and run a program under UNIX.  If you can't do that,
have someone teach you.  (It will not work to edit a file on Windows
and then transfer to UNIX.)  Typical editors on UNIX are vi and emacs,
but pico is probably the simplest for occasional users.  You can find
more information on pico from:

http://www.strath.ac.uk/IT/Docs/IntroToUnix/node122.html

You should also learn how to examine a file in UNIX, how to move
around the filesystem, etc.  If you don't know how to do this,
consult:

http://www.washington.edu/computing/unix/startdoc/files.html
and
http://www.washington.edu/computing/unix/startdoc/directories.html

There are also many books about Unix at bookstores.



120) Type: 
cd autofinish/edit_dir
(You might need to first type "cd ../.." depending on where you are.)


121)  Try starting Autofinish by typing:

../../consed -ace autofinish.fasta.screen.ace.1 -autofinish 

(Note 'consed' above may be 'consed_solaris', 'consed_alpha',
'consed_hp', 'consed_sgi', or 'consed_linux' depending on your
executable.  If you have trouble, use that 'ls' command (see above) or
consult the person who installed Consed! )

If Autofinish says:

Run-time exception error; current exception: InputDataError
        No handler for exception.
Abort

that means that you have not followed the instructions under
'INSTALLING CONSED' above.  Please follow those instructions and then
try this again.

When you have successfully run the above command, Autofinish will
create 7 files:

autofinish.fof
(project name).001014.155627.customPrimers
(project name).001014.155627.nav
(project name).001014.155627.out
(project name).001014.155627.sorted
(project name).001014.155627.univForwards
(project name).001014.155627.univReverses

Where '001014.155627' is replaced by your current date and time in
format YYMMDD.HHMISS.  The first file, autofinish.fof, is a file of
filenames.  It contains the names of the other files.

(project name).001014.155627.univForwards
    is the summary file of the suggested universal forward subclone reads
(project name).001014.155627.univReverses
    is the summary file of the suggested universal reverse subclone reads
(project name).001014.155627.customPrimers
    is the summary file of the suggested custom primer reads

These are the files you will typically use for directing your bench
work.  If you like, you can import these files into Excel since the
fields are separated by commas.

The .out file is the Autofinish output file.  This is the most
important file to examine while you are evaluating Autofinish.  If you
want to know *why* Autofinish picked the reads it did, it will tell
you.  Consult this file before you start complaining about
Autofinish's choices.  I've had people complain, and then, once they
look in the .out file (*not* any of the other files), they learn
information that persuades them that Autofinish was correct all along.
This is hard to over-emphasize, but I will try:

CONSULT THE .out FILE CAREFULLY IF YOU DISAGREE WITH ANY OF AUTOFINISH'S
CHOICES!

It will tell you lots more, such as the orientation of the contigs.
It will also tell you the value of all Autofinish parameters used.  If you
try to customize one of the parameters, check in the .out file to be
sure that Autofinish used the value you intended.

The .sorted file gives the reads sorted by contig and position.  This
file is useful if you want to find what reads Autofinish suggested for a
particular location.  It is *not* useful for understanding *why*
Consed chose a particular read.  It is deliberately terse to make it
useful for automation the ordering of reads.

The .nav file is a custom navigation file (see "CUSTOM NAVIGATION" far
below).  This file allows a Consed user to just click 'next', 'next',
... to review all of Autofinish's suggestions in context.  This is a
great way to quickly and easily review all of the reads suggested by
Autofinish.

This finishing tool is designed to be run in batch after each
assembly.  In a high throughput operation, the production people can
make these reads without anyone using Consed to examine the assembly
interactively.  Only when Autofinish cannot help you any longer
(generally after 3 or more times of running Autofinish, making the
reads, and re-assembling), must you bring up Consed graphically and
examine the assembly.

We suggest that you write some of your own software to parse the
summary files to automatically order primers and reads.  The summary
files (.customPrimers, .univForwards, .univReverses) will not change
much but the .out file is constantly changing, so don't try to parse
it.


AUTOFINISH:  MINIMUM NUMBER OF ERRORS FIXED PER READ

122) By default, the minimum number of errors fixed by an experiment is
0.02 

Human finishers typically look for low consensus quality
regions--regions that have one or more bases below a particular
quality threshold.  However, Autofinish can do better: it can find
regions where the *total* number of errors is greater than some
particular cutoff value.  This method can find regions where none of
the bases are low quality, but many are nearly low quality and thus
the total number of errors in the region is high.  Autofinish will
also ignore regions that have a very few low quality bases, as long as
the total number of errors is smaller than your cutoff.  This is a
better critereon because it is the total number of errors that you are
trying to reduce when finishing--not the number of bases with quality
below some arbitrary cutoff.

Two bases of quality 20 have 0.02 errors (on average).  Similarly, 20
bases of quality 30 have 0.02 errors (on average).  (Quality values
were explained at the beginning of this document.)  Suppose that you
want Autofinish to suggest an additional read for an area that even
just has one quality 20 base.  (Be aware that Autofinish will consider
10 quality 30 bases to be just as severe as 1 quality 20 base since,
on average, they will both have precisely the same number of errors:
0.01)

123)  EDIT PARAMETERS:  HOW TO CHANGE CONSED/AUTOFINISH PARAMETERS

This shows how to change
consed.autoFinishMinNumberOfErrorsFixedByAnExp.  To change any other
parameter, follow these same instructions replacing
consed.autoFinishMinNumberOfErrorsFixedByAnExp with the parameter you
want to change.

In the edit_dir directory is a file called ".consedrc" which you will
only see if you use "ls -a" instead of just "ls".  In that .consedrc,
add the following line:

consed.autoFinishMinNumberOfErrorsFixedByAnExp: 0.01

You can do this using an editor, such as pico, or you can do it with
Consed.  To do it with Consed, bring up consed as follows:

consed -ace autofinish.fasta.screen.ace.1

On the Consed Main Window, point to the "Options" menu, push down the
left mouse button and release on "Edit Consed/Autofinish Parameters".
Up will pop the "Edit Parameters" window.  Near the top is
"consed.autoFinishMinNumberOfErrorsFixedByAnExp".  Point and click in
the box on the left containing 0.02 just underneath
"consed.autoFinishMinNumberOfErrorsFixedByAnExp".  After clicking, the
box outline should turn bold and the cursor should start blinking.
Change the 0.02 to 0.01.  Click on "just project" near the bottom of
the window.  The box containing 0.01 should turn red indicating that
it is now different than the default.  Then click "save".  A box
titled "Name of parameter file to write" should pop up.  Click "ok".
Note: you can changed more than one of these values before clicking
"save". 

When using the Edit Parameters Window, I suggest that you do not click
on the up and down arrows of the vertical scrollbar because these will
scroll by too much.  Instead, I suggest you point to the thumb of the
vertical slider, hold down the left mouse button and drag the thumb.
Alternatively, point to the black space above or below the thumb and
click with the left mouse button.  You need to try this to understand.

To be sure that everything happened correctly, look at .consedrc file.
It should contain the line:

consed.autoFinishMinNumberOfErrorsFixedByAnExp: 0.01

(If you don't know how to view a file, get a UNIX book and learn the
commands "less", "more", "pico", "vi", or "emacs".)

(Get in the habit of checking .consedrc
after using Consed's Edit Parameter Window.)




AUTOFINISH:  MINIMUM NUMBER OF ERRORS FIXED PER READ (continued)

Then run Autofinish again:

consed -ace autofinish.fasta.screen.ace.1 -autofinish 

Look at the files just created by typing 'ls -tlr' and look at the
.out file by bringing it up with your favorite UNIX editor.  You
should see:

PARAMETERS_CHANGED_FROM_DEFAULTS {
.
consed.autoFinishMinNumberOfErrorsFixedByAnExp: 0.010
.
.

Further down is a section:

PARAMETERS {
! If you want to modify any of these parameters, just cut/paste
! the relevant line into your ~/.consedrc file
! (or into the edit_dir/.consedrc file)
! In the following, I have annotated the parameters with the following
! symbols:
!
! (YES)  freely customize to your own site
! (OK)  don't change unless you have a specific need and know what you
!         are doing
! (NO)  don't change this!

This section contains all Autofinish parameters, whether you have
changed them or not.  Thus a changed parameter will be in both lists.

Find 
consed.autoFinishMinNumberOfErrorsFixedByAnExp: 0.010
in this second list.

Then compare the .sorted files from this run of Autofinish and the
previous run of Autofinish in which the
consed.autoFinishMinNumberOfErrorsFixedByAnExp value 0.02 You will
notice that there are 2 additional reads suggested when the parameter
is 0.01.  There is a resequence with dye terminator chemistry of the
djs228_474 template and a de novo reverse on template djs228_2632.
Look at the .out file to see why Autofinish chose these reads.  It
will indicate that the first read is mainly to fix 0.01 errors in the
region from 2536 to 2545 and the second read to mainly fix 0.01 errors
from 969 to 978.

Bring up Consed to see what is in the 10 base region from 2536 to
2545.  You will see that there is a quality 25 base at 2539 and a
quality 21 base at 2540.  After that come some bases whose qualities
are in the high 30s.

In the Aligned Reads Window, point at the Misc menu, hold down the
left mouse button, and release on Show Error for a Region.  Enter 2539
and 2549 for the "Left Consensus Position of Region" and "Right
Consensus Position of Region" respectively and click on "Calculate".
You will see that there are .0135 errors in this region.  This is less
than 0.02 so Autofinish will not try to fix this region unless you
reduce consed.autoFinishMinNumberOfErrorsFixedByAnExp to 0.01

The default is 0.02 because most labs do not want to fix regions that
have less than 0.02 errors.



124) DIVERSION:  UNIX LESSON

Note for UNIX novices: Earlier, I said that you only needed to know 3
UNIX commands: pwd, ls, and cd.  Then I added "ls -a", "less" and an
editor (such as pico).  Now I want you to learn one more:

ls -tlr

This is the same as ls, but it puts one file on a line and prints the
lines so that the most recent files are on the bottom.  Since you will 
be creating many, many files as you work through these Autofinish
exercises, this command gives an easy way to see the files you have
just created, without having to always look at autofinish.fof to look
for the names of the files you just created.


AUTOFINISH:  CHANGING MELTING TEMPERATURES

125)  Use 'ls -tlr' to find the most recent .out file.  Search in the
.out file (using your favorite editor) for MeltingTemp and you will
find the following lines:

consed.primersMinMeltingTemp: 55
consed.primersMaxMeltingTemp: 60

Some labs prefer to use primers with lower melting temperatures.  In
your .consedrc file, put the following lines:

consed.primersMinMeltingTemp: 50
consed.primersMaxMeltingTemp: 55

You can do this by following the instructions above under HOW TO
CHANGE CONSED/AUTOFINISH PARAMETERS.  When you are done doing that,
look in the .consedrc file to make sure it contains the above 2 lines.

Then run Autofinish again:

consed -ace autofinish.fasta.screen.ace.1 -autofinish

Using your favorite editor, check that the .out file you just
created says:

consed.primersMinMeltingTemp: 50
consed.primersMaxMeltingTemp: 55

(You can find the most recent .out file by typing 'ls -tlr'.)

Compare the .sorted files from this run of Autofinish and the previous
run.  The difference should be the custom primer read:

The previous .sorted file had:
tcttttgtctttccatatacatttt,56
which means the melting temperature is 56.

The latest .sorted file had:
cattttagaatcagtttgttg,50
which means the melting temperature is 50.


126)  AUTOFINISH:  JUST CLOSING GAPS

You could use Autofinish to just close gaps (you are not interested in
fixing single subclone regions or weak regions).  Add the following
to the .consedrc file (and remove everything else so that Autofinish
uses the default values for everything else):

consed.autoFinishCoverLowConsensusQualityRegions: false
consed.autoFinishCoverSingleSubcloneRegions: false

If you are using the Edit Parameter Window to change these values, you
will find them when scrolling about 1/3 way down.  Change the
consed.primersMinMeltingTemp and consed.primersMaxMeltingTemp back to
their original values.  Then check the .consedrc to make sure it
contains the above 2 lines.  (Get in the habit of checking .consedrc
after using Consed's Edit Parameter Window.)

Now you should see in the .sorted file just 4 reads:  one custom
primer read pointing out the left end of the contig and 3 reverses off
the left end of the contig.  The right end is not extended because
Autofinish recognizes that it is the end of the BAC.

You can change any of the parameters listed at the top of the
Autofinish output file (or actually any of the more exhaustive list of
parameters listed in the 'Info' menu, 'Show Consed Parameters' list.)

We believe the defaults are an excellent starting point.


127)  AUTOFINISH:  JUST CLOSING GAPS JUST USING WALKS

One high-throughput operation was only interested in closing gaps and
only interested in using walks to close those gaps.  This is the
appropriate set of Autofinish parameters to do this:


consed.autoFinishCoverSingleSubcloneRegions: false
consed.autoFinishCoverLowConsensusQualityRegions: false
consed.autoFinishAllowDeNovoUniversalPrimerSubcloneReads: false
consed.autoFinishAllowPCR: false
consed.autoFinishAllowResequencingReads: false
consed.autoFinishAllowMinilibraries: false
consed.autoFinishNearGapsSuggestEachMissingReadOfReadPairs: false
consed.autoFinishCallReversesToFlankGaps: false

(and every other parameter left the default value).

The first 2 parameters are the same as the "AUTOFINISH:  JUST CLOSING
GAPS" section (above).  The other parameters tell Autofinish all of
the types of reactions it is not allowed to use, leaving just walks.

Try this.  Now you should see only a single read, a walk, pointing
left off the left end of the contig.


128)  AUTOFINISH:  NOT REPEATING FAILED EXPERIMENTS

For this exercise, keep a backup copy of the ace file:

cp autofinish.fasta.screen.ace.1 autofinish.fasta.screen.ace.1.save

If you run Autofinish with the -doExperiments parameter (see below), 
-doExperiments causes Autofinish to record its suggestions in the ace
file (hence changing the ace file).  If one of these suggested reads
fails to fix a problem, when Autofinish is run again it won't pick the
same read again.

consed -ace (ace file name) -autofinish -doExperiments

If a forward or reverse universal primer read failed, Autofinish (when 
run in a subsequent round) will not suggest that same experiment.  If
a custom primer read fails, Autofinish will not pick that same
experiment again, and it won't pick a custom primer read that is even
close to the failed one.  'Close' is defined by the parameter:

consed.autoFinishNewCustomPrimerReadThisFarFromOldCustomPrimerRead: 50

In addition, Autofinish (the next time it is run) will tell you how
well each experiment did in solving the problem it was intended to
solve.

Return the parameters to the defaults and try this by running
Autofinish twice like this:

consed -ace autofinish.fasta.screen.ace.1 -autofinish -doExperiments
consed -ace autofinish.fasta.screen.ace.1 -autofinish -doExperiments

and look at the .out file from the 2nd run.  (You can find the most
recent .out file by typing 'ls -tlr'.)  You should see lines such 
as this:

rejecting experiment: reverse universal primer read with template djs228_1094
because an earlier round of autofinish called this with expid: 1
rejecting experiment: reverse universal primer read with template djs228_1422
because an earlier round of autofinish called this with expid: 2
rejecting experiment: reverse universal primer read with template djs228_1034
because an earlier round of autofinish called this with expid: 3

This is Autofinish trying experiment after experiment but finding they 
were already suggested in an earlier round of Autofinish.

You should not type '-doExperiments' if you do not intend to do the
experiments Autofinish suggests.  If you use -doExperiments, but you
don't really do the experiments, and then you run Autofinish again,
Autofinish will be very upset--it will think that all of its suggested
experiments failed (because it can't find them).  It will see that all
of the problems are still present but it will think that it should not
choose any of those same experiments again so it will suggest
different experiments that will not be as good as its original
suggestions.

-doExperiments will also cause oligos to be tagged.

Primer id's created by Autofinish use the same naming scheme as
primers created in Consed and they will not conflict with each other.
For example, if Autofinish creates oligos djs14.1, djs14.2, and
djs14.3, then the next primer that a user accepts will be djs14.4.  If 
Autofinish is run a second time, it will start with primer djs14.5.

When you have completed this exercise with -doExperiments, replace the 
original .ace file by typing:

cp autofinish.fasta.screen.ace.1.save autofinish.fasta.screen.ace.1 


129)  AUTOFINISH:  doNotFinish particular regions

If there is a region that you don't care to finish (e.g., it has
already been finished by an overlapping clone or you know there is no
gene there), then you can put a doNotFinish tag on the consensus and
Autofinish will not try to finish this area.  

First, delete the .consedrc file (or, if you are using the Edit
Parameter Window of Consed, restore the parameters to their default
values) and run Autofinish again:

consed -ace autofinish.fasta.screen.ace.1 -autofinish

Bring up consed:

consed -ace autofinish.fasta.screen.ace.1

and put a doNotFinish tag on the region from 2000 to 4000.  (If you
don't know how to do that, read through the Consed Quick Tour, above.)
Save the assembly as autofinish.fasta.screen.ace.2

Run Autofinish again:

consed -ace autofinish.fasta.screen.ace.2 -autofinish

Look at the .out files for each of the 2 runs of Autofinish.  (You can
find the most recent .out files by typing 'ls -tlr'.)  You will notice
in the .out file for the 2nd run of Autofinish that, in the other than
the experiments to extend the contig to the left, there is only one
experiment which is from 315 to 1662.  If you find that experiment in
the .out file, it will say Contig1 0.05 errors fixed in region from
315 to 1662 fixing 0.05 errors from 969 to 978

The "969 to 978" gives the worst 10 base window that the read is
intended to fix.  If you look with Consed, you will see that
there is a quality 12 base at 974.

You can also use doNotFinish tags to prevent Autofinish from
*extending* a contig into a gap by putting a doNotFinish tag near the
end of the contig and setting the following Autofinish parameters:

consed.autoFinishDoNotExtendContigsWhereTheseTagsAre: doNotFinish
consed.autoFinishDoNotExtendContigsIfTagsAreThisCloseToContigEnd: 50


130)  AUTOFINISH:  NOT USING PARTICULAR SUBCLONE TEMPLATES

If you no longer have a template that was used in shotgun, and thus
you don't want Autofinish to pick that template, you can put it in a
file badTemplates.txt in edit_dir.  This is a simple file with one
name per line.  

Using your favorite UNIX editor, create a file called
"badTemplates.txt" in edit_dir.  Make it contain a single line:

djs228_1094

Delete .consedrc (or, if you are using the Edit Parameter Window,
restore the parameters to their defaults) and run autofinish again:

consed -ace autofinish.fasta.screen.ace.1 -autofinish

Search the .out file for djs228_1094.  You will find one line like
this:

not using template: djs228_1094 because  in bad templates file

Now try deleting badTemplates.txt and running autofinish again the
same way.  You will notice there are many differences in reads chosen,
since djs22_1094 is now available again for making reverses as well as
a template for custom primer walks.

badTemplates.txt can accept "*" (match any characters) as part of the
name.  For example, djs140_23* will eliminate templates:
 
        djs140_235684
         djs140_235783
         djs140_2326
         etc.
 
131)  AUTOFINISH:  NOT USING ENTIRE LIBRARIES FOR FINISHING

In addition to the badTemplates.txt file, you can use a
badLibraries.txt file which contains a list of all libraries that are
off-limits to Autofinish (e.g., you threw away all subclone templates
from this library or they are from a different lab which gave you the
chromatograms but not the templates).  Autofinish determines the
library of a read by the following in the PHD file:

WR{
template dscript 990603:090231
name: djs366_101
lib: library1
}

where "library1" is replaced by the actual library name.  Take a look
at any phd file in autofinish/phd_dir and you will see this.

Make sure that badTemplates.txt is deleted and .consedrc is either
deleted (or use the Edit Parameter Window to restore the defaults) and
run Autofinish again.

consed -ace autofinish.fasta.screen.ace.1 -autofinish

Now create a file badLibraries.txt containing a single line:

lib1

and run autofinish again:

consed -ace autofinish.fasta.screen.ace.1 -autofinish


Look at the .out file.  You will see lines like this:

not using template: djs228_1034 because  in bad libraries file
not using template: djs228_1051 because  in bad libraries file
not using template: djs228_1094 because  in bad libraries file
.
.
.

You will see that there are no reads suggested that use any of these
templates, even though some of them (e.g.., djs228_1034) were used in
the Autofinish run (above) before you created the badLibraries.txt
file.

When you start doing this with your own data, you must put the lib:
line into your phd files.  Do this by modifying determineReadTypes.perl.


132) MULTIPLE LIBRARIES WITH DIFFERENT INSERT SIZES

If different libraries have different insert sizes, Autofinish must
know the insert size of each library.  If there are 5 or more
forward-reverse pairs, where the forward and reverse are both in the
same contig, then Consed/Autofinish calculates the insert size of the
library by finding the mean and standard deviation of the insert sizes 
of these forward-reverse pairs.  The maximum insert size of the
library is set at the mean plus 2.5 times the standard deviation.

If there are fewer than 5 forward-reverse pairs, where the forward and 
reverse are both in the same contig, Consed/Autofinish considers this
statistical information unreliable so instead relies on a
file called 'librariesInfo.txt" which must be placed in edit_dir
(where the ace file is).  This file looks like this:

   
LIB{
name: lib0
avgInsertSize: 1500
maxInsertSize: 3000
stranded: double
cost: 600.0
}
 
LIB{
name: lib1
avgInsertSize: 3000
maxInsertSize: 5000
stranded: double
cost: 1000.0
}
 
LIB{
name: lib2
avgInsertSize: 10000
maxInsertSize: 12000
stranded: double
cost: 5000.0
}
 
 

'name' is the name of the library.  This is the name that goes into
the PHD file after the 'lib:' keyword (see AUTOFINISH:  NOT USING
ENTIRE LIBRARIES FOR FINISHING above).  'avgInsertSize' is the
average insert size of the library--the figure to be used by
Autofinish if there are not enough forward/reverse pairs for
Autofinish to calculate the mean insert size of the library.
'maxInsertSize' is the maximum insert size--if forward/reverse pairs
are further apart than this, Autofinish will assume these reads are
misassembled.  'stranded' is whether this template is single or double 
stranded.  'cost' is the cost of making a minilibrary out of a
template from this library.

In .consedrc, there must be a line like this:

consed.primersMaxInsertSizeOfASubclone: 5000

where 5000 is replaced by whatever the maximum insert size of all of
your different libraries.

For this exercise make .consedrc have a single line:

consed.primersMaxInsertSizeOfASubclone: 12000

Alternatively, use the Edit Parameter Window to set
consed.primersMaxInsertSizeOfASubclone to 12000.


For this exercise I have a file in edit_dir called
"librariesInfo.txt_hide".  To make Autofinish pay attention to it, do
the following:

cp librariesInfo.txt_hide librariesInfo.txt

Delete badLibraries.txt:
rm badLibraries.txt

Before you run Autofinish again, first restart Consed:

consed -ace autofinish.fasta.screen.ace.1

On Consed's Main Window, point to 'Info', hold down the left mouse
button, and release on 'Show Library Info'.  You should see the names
of your libraries and the correct number of reads in each library.
This feature will be useful in debugging your use of librariesInfo.txt


Then run Autofinish again:

consed -ace autofinish.fasta.screen.ace.1 -autofinish


Look at the .out file.  Look for the following:

"Choosing de novo universal primer reads to try to close gaps"

You will see there are many reads under this heading.  These are 
the lib1 and lib2 reads that have a large average insert size and thus 
span the gap.  Autofinish did not choose some of these reads before
because, if the insert size were only 1500 bases, these reads would
not have helped to close the gap.

When you are done with this exercise, delete librariesInfo.txt and
.consedrc


When there are many reads from the same library, Consed/Autofinish
will look at the forward/reverse pairs that are within the same contig 
(so the insert size of that template can be directly measured) and do
figure out the mean and standard deviation of the insert size of
templates from that library.  Consed/Autofinish will use these numbers 
rather than the number from librariesInfo.txt 



133)  AUTOFINISH CLOSING GAPS WITH MINILIBRARIES




If you wanted Autofinish to *only* suggest minilibraries to close
gaps, use the following parameters:

consed.autoFinishAllowWholeCloneReads: false
consed.autoFinishAllowCustomPrimerSubcloneReads: false
consed.autoFinishAllowResequencingReads: false
consed.autoFinishAllowDeNovoUniversalPrimerSubcloneReads: false
consed.autoFinishAllowPCR: false
consed.autoFinishAllowResequencingAUniversalPrimerAutofinishRead: false
consed.autoFinishCallReversesToFlankGaps: false
consed.autoFinishAllowMinilibraries: true
consed.autoFinishAlwaysCloseGapsUsingMinilibraries: true
consed.autoFinishPrintMinilibrariesSummaryFile: true


For this exercise, type:

cd assembly_view/edit_dir  
(You might need to first type "cd ../.." depending on where you are.)


Attention! This is *not* the same directory you have been using.  It,
autofinish/edit_dir, does not have any gaps so it cannot be used for
this exercise.

Create a .consedrc file with the parameters above in it.
Alternatively, start Consed in this directory and use the Edit
Parameter Window to modify the parameters as above.  Then run
Autofinish:

consed -ace assembly_view.fasta.screen.ace.1 -autofinish

When it has completed, look in the .out file.  You will see the
following:

Enough existing fwd/rev pairs to establish:
Left end of Contig3 has 13 fwd/rev pairs connecting it to
Right end of Contig2 with gap size -460 (contigs overlap)

Trying to suggest minilibrary for gap between right end of Contig2 and left end of 
Contig3
MINILIBRARY{
best template: djs736a2_fp04q274 from lib djs736a2
size: 3607 errors fixed: 0.01 errors fixed per dollar: 0.00
connecting right end of Contig2 to left end of Contig3 with estimated gap size -460
 
alternative template: djs736a1_fp02q472 from lib djs736a1
size: 1184 errors fixed: 0.01 errors fixed per dollar: 0.00
}
 
You will also see a more terse (but more easily parseable) description
in the .minilibraries file.


The parameter:

consed.autoFinishPrintMinilibrariesSummaryFile: true

will cause Autofinish to print a file with name similar to:
(project name).001014.155627.minilibraries


Or you could be more sparing in which gaps you close with
minilibraries and which you do not:

consed.autoFinishAlwaysCloseGapsUsingMinilibraries: false

If the parameter above is set to false, then Autofinish will only
choose minilibraries if the gap is the size below or larger:

consed.autoFinishSuggestMinilibraryIfGapThisManyBasesOrLarger: 800

If you try this in this example, you will see that Autofinish will not 
suggest a minilibrary because the gap has negative size (meaning the
contigs overlap) and thus is not more than 800 bases.

Autofinish can suggest more than one minilibrary per gap:

consed.autoFinishSuggestThisManyMinilibrariesPerGap: 2

is the default, but you can increase it.  If you try this, you will
see more alternate templates suggested for the minilibrary.

When you are done, delete the .consedrc file.




134) CLOSING GAPS USING PCR




If you are interested in just closing remaining gaps with PCR, you can 
set the following Autofinish parameters:

consed.autoFinishAllowWholeCloneReads: false
consed.autoFinishAllowCustomPrimerSubcloneReads: false
consed.autoFinishAllowResequencingReads: false
consed.autoFinishAllowDeNovoUniversalPrimerSubcloneReads: false
consed.autoFinishAllowMinilibraries: false
consed.autoFinishAllowPCR: true
consed.autoFinishAllowResequencingAUniversalPrimerAutofinishRead: false
consed.autoFinishCallReversesToFlankGaps: false
consed.autoFinishCoverLowConsensusQualityRegions: false
consed.autoFinishCoverSingleSubcloneRegions: false
consed.autoFinishNearGapsSuggestEachMissingReadOfReadPairs: false

This will cause Autofinish to try to close all gaps using PCR.

Type:

cd assembly_view/edit_dir  
(You might need to first type "cd ../.." depending on where you are.)


(This is because the autofinish/edit_dir project does not have any
gaps.)

Create a .consedrc file with the parameters above in it.  Then run
Autofinish:

consed -ace assembly_view.fasta.screen.ace.1 -autofinish

When it has completed, look in the .out file.  You will see the
following:


436 acceptable primers on left end of contig Contig1
503 acceptable primers on right end of contig Contig1
520 acceptable primers on left end of contig Contig2
202 acceptable primers on right end of contig Contig2
523 acceptable primers on left end of contig Contig3
377 acceptable primers on right end of contig Contig3
Please make the following PCR primers:
    ttctgggtctggaggaca 485 to 502 (bottom strand) for left end of Contig1 melt: 
 57.5
    taattgggactataggtacatgc 13202 to 13224 (top strand) for right end of Contig1
 melt:  55.1
    tttgttttgttttgtattttgttt 504 to 527 (bottom strand) for left end of Contig2 
melt:  55.1
    ctgttctcctgtcattctgg 9950 to 9969 (top strand) for right end of Contig2 melt
:  55.7
    gggcaagagctgtaaagag 114 to 132 (bottom strand) for left end of Contig3 melt:
  55.3
    accaaataacaggtaaaccaaa 15503 to 15524 (top strand) for right end of Contig3 
melt:  55.4
 
 
Do PCR reactions with the following pairs of primers:
    ttctgggtctggaggaca    tttgttttgttttgtattttgttt
    ttctgggtctggaggaca    ctgttctcctgtcattctgg
    ttctgggtctggaggaca    gggcaagagctgtaaagag
    ttctgggtctggaggaca    accaaataacaggtaaaccaaa
    taattgggactataggtacatgc    tttgttttgttttgtattttgttt
    taattgggactataggtacatgc    ctgttctcctgtcattctgg
    taattgggactataggtacatgc    gggcaagagctgtaaagag
    taattgggactataggtacatgc    accaaataacaggtaaaccaaa
    tttgttttgttttgtattttgttt    gggcaagagctgtaaagag
    tttgttttgttttgtattttgttt    accaaataacaggtaaaccaaa
    ctgttctcctgtcattctgg    gggcaagagctgtaaagag
    ctgttctcctgtcattctgg    accaaataacaggtaaaccaaa
printing experiment summary files:
    assembly_view.020320.130220.univForwards
    assembly_view.020320.130220.univReverses
    assembly_view.020320.130220.customPrimers
    assembly_view.020320.130220.sorted


The first is the list of PCR primers to synthesize.  The second list
gives which pairs of the primers in the first list to do PCR with.
(It doesn't make sense to do PCR with the primer off the left end of
Contig2 and the primer off the right end of Contig2.)

Some of these pairs of PCR primers will give products and others will
not (or will give enormous products).  The ones giving products will
tell you how the contigs are ordered and oriented.  You can then
sequence the product to find the gap sequence between the contigs.



135)  AUTOFINISH:  TOO MANY UNIVERSAL PRIMER READS

St Louis wanted more universal primer reads, so I put in a feature
that allows for redundant universal primer reads.  If you get too
many for your taste, then put this into your .consedrc file:

consed.autoFinishRedundancy: 1.0

The default is 2.0, meaning that Autofinish will try to fix every
problem area twice--once by some universal primer reads and once again 
by other universal primer reads.  Then, and only then, will it try
oligo walks to finish remaining problems.

Baylor wanted more reverses to close gaps, so I put a feature into
Autofinish that calls *all* reverses near gaps:

    (contig)    ___________________________ 

                                           <- reverse 1
                                            <- reverse 2
                                             <- reverse 3
                                             <- reverse 4


(including reverses that are likely to fall into the gap) in the hope
that enough of them will hook onto each other that the gap will be
closed.  (If there is already a reverse pointing out but no forward,
Autofinish will suggest the forward.)  If this feature gives you too
many reverses for your taste, then in your .consedrc file:

consed.autoFinishNearGapsSuggestEachMissingReadOfReadPairs: false



136)  AUTOFINISH FOR CDNA ASSEMBLIES


The way to use Autofinish for cDNA assemblies is to pretend that the
cDNA is a BAC and that you are only going to allow whole clone custom
primer BAC reads.  To do this, put the following into your .consedrc
file:

consed.autoFinishAllowResequencingReads: false
consed.autoFinishAllowWholeCloneReads: true
consed.autoFinishAllowCustomPrimerSubcloneReads: false
consed.autoFinishAllowDeNovoUniversalPrimerSubcloneReads: false
consed.autoFinishAllowPCR: false
consed.autoFinishCDNANotGenomic: true
consed.autoFinishCheckThatReadsFromTheSameTemplateAreConsistent: false
consed.checkIfTooManyWalks: true
consed.autoFinishExcludeContigIfOnlyThisManyReadsOrLess: 0
consed.autoFinishExcludeContigIfDepthOfCoverageOutOfLine: false
consed.autoFinishExcludeContigIfThisManyBasesOrLess: 0
consed.autoFinishCoverSingleSubcloneRegions: false
consed.autoFinishContinueEvenThoughReadInfoDoesNotMakeSense: true
consed.autoFinishCallReversesToFlankGaps: false

You don't want Autofinish to try to extend off the 3' end or the 5'
end of the cDNA, right?  How is Autofinish going to determine that?
It determines it as follows:

In the 5' end read, put the following into the phd file:

WR{
primer determineReadTypes 001019:112654
type: univ fwd
}

WR{
template determineReadTypes 001019:112654
name: cDNA1
}


In the 3' end read (the read that is primed off the polyA tail), put
the following into the phd file:

WR{
primer determineReadTypes 001019:112654
type: univ rev
}

WR{
template determineReadTypes 001019:112654
name: cDNA1
}

For all other reads, such as transposon reads and custom primer walks,
put the following into the phd file:

WR{
primer dscript 001019:112654
type: walk
}

WR{
template determineReadTypes 001019:112654
name: cDNA2
type: bac
}

If you are going to finish many cDNA's, you will find it will work
better to modify determineReadTypes.perl than to go editing every phd
file.

So Autofinish finds the univ fwd read and assumes it indicates the 5'
end of the cDNA and it finds the univ rev read and assumes it
indicates the 3' end of the cDNA.  (The parameter
consed.autoFinishCDNANotGenomic: true 
tells it to try to find the end of the cDNA in this manner.)


There is one additional problem when using Autofinish for cDNA
assemblies:  initially, the ace file created by phrap is empty since
the 3' and 5' reads don't overlap enough.  You have *no* contigs for
Autofinish to finish.  So phrap is of no use initially.

But you can use Consed to create the
assembly:

First run phredPhrap to phred both reads and run
determineReadTypes.perl Then pick the 3' read and run phd2Ace.perl on
it:

phd2Ace.perl (name of phd file)

This will give you an ace file with one read in it.

Now suppose that you have other reads from the same cDNA.  You can use 
this technique to add them to the ace file:

To add all the reads phrap has neglected to put into the ace file, do
the following:

1. create a file of read names.  E.g.,

djs74_1180.s1
djs74_1432.s1
djs74_1455.s1
djs74_1465.s1
djs74_1532.s1
djs74_1802.s1
djs74_1803.s1

Typically, you will get this list of reads by looking in the
singlets file.  

Then run consed:

2. consed -ace old_ace.ace -addNewReads fileOfReadNames.txt -newAceFilename new_ace.ace

where: 
fileOfReadNames.txt is the name of the file (above) containing
    the read names
new_ace.ace is whatever you want the new ace file to be named
old_ace.ace is the name of the old ace file

Now you have an ace file that contains all the reads you have
sequenced for that cDNA.  You can now run Autofinish on it:

consed -ace new_ace.ace -autofinish


137)  AUTOFINISH FOR LISTING GAP-SPANNING TEMPLATES

Sometimes people ask me for how to make Autofinish suggest all
templates that span a gap.  People who ask this question are not using
Autofinish to automate finishing--they are using it as a tool in the
hand of a human finisher.  Although evidence has shown that Autofinish
is far more powerful in an automated mode, it is also a powerful tool
in the hands of a human finisher.  I will specify how to do this, but
hope you will move to the next level of using it in an automated
manner.

One method is to just shut off Autofinish suggesting any experiments
at all:

consed.autoFinishCallReversesToFlankGaps: false
consed.autoFinishAllowDeNovoUniversalPrimerSubcloneReads: false
consed.autoFinishAllowResequencingReads: false
consed.autoFinishCoverSingleSubcloneRegions: false
consed.autoFinishCoverLowConsensusQualityRegions: false
consed.autoFinishNearGapsSuggestEachMissingReadOfReadPairs: false
consed.autoFinishAllowCustomPrimerSubcloneReads: false
consed.autoFinishAllowPCR: false
consed.autoFinishAllowMinilibraries: false

Thus Autofinish will order and orient the contigs, printing out the
forward/reverse pairs that connect the contigs, as exemplified below:

Examining existing fwd/rev pairs that flank gap at Right end of Contig46

read                       (start  end)   mate read            mate contig (start   end) contig
                           (pos    pos)   name                 name        (pos     pos) length
agroa3_fp19q452.x1u3 ->     -13     824 agroa3_fp19q452.y1   Contig47   ->     365    1282     1844
mag3gpk041f9.y1      ->      29     689 mag3gpk041f9.x1      Contig53   ->  139675  140402   140921
agroa3_fp06q173.x1u3_m ->      91    1053 agroa3_fp06q173.y1   Contig53   ->  139683  140618   140921
mag2gpk013f21.y1     ->     314     887 mag2gpk013f21.x1     Contig57   ->  257472  258018   261664
mag3gpk064f6.x1      ->     542    1173 mag3gpk064f6.y1      Contig53   ->  139061  139709   140921
mag3gpk105a18.y1     ->     710    1318 mag3gpk105a18.x1     Contig53   ->  138774  139329   140921
Enough existing fwd/rev pairs to establish:
Right end of Contig53 has 4 fwd/rev pairs connecting it to
Right end of Contig46 with gap size -17 (contigs overlap)

This shows you that (according to the naming convention of this lab),
the following templates span the gap between the right end of Contig53
and the right end of Contig46 (clearly one of these contigs is
complemented with respect to the other):  

agroa3_fp19q452
mag3gpk041f9
agroa3_fp06q173
mag2gpk013f21
mag3gpk064f6
mag3gpk105a18

However, what are you going to do now with these templates?  Walk on
them?  Resequence the universal primer reads?  Whichever you plan to
do, why not allow Autofinish to make the suggestions and spend you
time on the harder problems?


138)  FINISHING A SPECIFIC CONTIG

../../consed -ace autofinish.fasta.screen.ace.1 -autofinish -contig Contig1

This will just finish Contig1.


139)  MARKING THE END OF THE CLONE

Autofinish tries it best to recognize the end of the clone (BAC), and
it does pretty well, but you might have information it doesn't have,
such as knowing the sequence of the BAC vector or having reads that
were primed from within the BAC vector.  You can tell Autofinish this
information by adding cloneEnd tags.  You can do this in Consed as
follow:

In the Aligned Reads Window put the cursor on the consensus at the
base position marking the end of the insert.  Point at the "Misc"
menu, hold down the left mouse button and release on "Add Clone End
Tag With Insert To Right" (alternatively, "Add Clone End Tag With
Insert To Left").  Then save the assembly and run Autofinish.  

If you want such tags to be added automatically, you could write a
perl script to append such tags to the ace file.

Some sites have found that this is not enough--they want to change all
bases beyond the clone end tag to X's.  You can do this either
interactively or automatically.  To do it interactively, in the
Aligned Reads Window, put the cursor on the vector base at the
vector/insert junction.  Hold down the left mouse button on the 'Misc'
menu and release the button on either 'Change to X's to Left in All
Reads' or 'Change to X's to Right in All Reads'.  

However, if you are using Autofinish, you will probably also want to have
this process automated.  To do this, set the following parameter in
.consedrc:

consed.autoEditConvertCloneEndBasesToXs: true

(It is set this way by default, so you normally won't need to do this
unless you have unset it.)

Then run AutoEdit as follows:

consed -ace (name of ace file with the clone end tags) -autoEdit 

This will create another ace file with a version number one higher
than the one you just ran.  If you want to specify a particular new ace
file name, you can do it this way:

consed -ace (old ace file) -autoEdit -newAceFileName (new ace file)

After following this procedure, the consensus may start with X's and
end with X's like this:

XXXXXXXBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBXXXXXXXX
^
position
1

If you would rather that the consensus not contain this masked vector,
but rather start with base position 1 being the first base of the
insert like this below, you must reassemble with phrap.

       BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
       ^
       position
       1



 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

USING AUTOMATED ADD NEW READS

If you are sequencing the same region over and over and you have a
reference sequence, phrap may not be a good choice for creating an
assembly:  phrap will take a long time to run (since many reads match
each other), phrap may make several contigs when you know there should 
be only one, and phrap may not put all the reads into the assembly.
Consed provides an alternative to phrap.  Use it as follows:

If the reference sequence is in fasta format, then follow the
instructions below under ADDING READS WITHOUT CHROMATOGRAM FILES to
create a phd file for the reference sequence.  Make sure the phd file
is in directory phd_dir.  

From the edit_dir directory, run 
phd2Ace.perl (name of phd file)

This will create an ace file for an assembly that just contains the
single reference sequence.  Run consed to view it and make sure you
have followed each of these steps successfully so far.

Make a file (let's call it "reads_to_add.fof") of all the reads you
want to add to this assembly.  These reads must all be in the
directory chromat_dir.  

Then run:

consed -ace (old ace file) -addNewReads reads_to_add.fof -newAceFilename (new ace file)

When this completes, there will be a new ace file with all the reads
added.  

What Consed does is take each reads and try to align it against the
reference sequence.  It will thus attempt to make one contig with all
of the reads in it.  Some reads may not align very well against the
reference sequence.  In that case, you can tell consed what you want
to do by the following parameter in the .consedrc file:

consed.addNewReadsPutReadIntoItsOwnContig: ifUnaligned

means that if a read does not match the reference sequence very well,
it will be put into its own contig.  (For information on how to change
the .consedrc file, see EDIT PARAMETERS: HOW TO CHANGE
CONSED/AUTOFINISH PARAMETERS elsewhere in this document.)

consed.addNewReadsPutReadIntoItsOwnContig: never

means that if a read does not match the reference sequence very well,
it will not be put into the assembly at all.

consed.addNewReadsPutReadIntoItsOwnContig: always

means that each read is not even compared to the reference sequence,
but just put into its own contig.

Consed also will typically recalculate the consensus quality values, 
unless you specify in your .consedrc file:

consed.addNewReadsRecalculateConsensusQuality: false



 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

USING AUTOPCRAMPLIFY

If you have a fasta sequence, and you want to amplify part of that
sequence using pcr, and you want to select a pair of PCR primers, you
can do that using Consed's autoPCRAmplify function.  It can handle
very high throughput: on a slow computer it takes about 5 minutes to
find PCR primers for a hundred different regions.


If the middle region of the sequence is unknown, you can put N's.  If
you don't know how many N's, put any number--it doesn't matter.  For
example:


140) For this exercise, create an empty directory and make a fasta file 
in it called "brian.fasta" with the following contents:

>AP000527.C22.6.mRNA.primerRegion 1 70 81 150 smallest
ACAGGGCCCCTCGCGGGCCCTGACGCAGGATGGAGTTGAGGTGGGGGCAG
CGCTGGACCCCAGGGCCCCTNNNNNNNNNNTGCCGCAGTCTTGGATGATG
GGTTCCTAGAAGCTCTCAACATCTCTTCTTAATTGGAGAAAGTGTTAAGC
>AC004019.C22.4.mRNA.primerRegion 1 70 81 150 smallest
AGCTGTGAGCTGTGCAATCATGTAACTAACTTTGTTTAAGTATTGTTTAG
TCTTTCTGGTCTCCAGATGANNNNNNNNNNTCAGACATTCCACAGCTACC
TAGAGGACATCATCAACTACCGCTGGGAGCTCGAAGAAGGGAAGCCCAAC

The numbers 1 70 81 150 means that the left primer should be selected
from the region from 1 to 70 of the sequence (starting at 1), so the
primer should be chosen from the sequence:
ACAGGGCCCCTCGCGGGCCCTGACGCAGGATGGAGTTGAGGTGGGGGCAG
CGCTGGACCCCAGGGCCCCT

The 81 150 means that the right primer should be selected from the
region from 81 to 150 of the sequence, i.e. from within:

TGCCGCAGTCTTGGATGATG
GGTTCCTAGAAGCTCTCAACATCTCTTCTTAATTGGAGAAAGTGTTAAGC


"smallest":

 --------------------                   -------------------------
               --->                       <---


"biggest":

 --------------------                   -------------------------
   --->                                                    <---


The word "smallest" means that the primers should be chosen so that
the product is as small as possible.  That means that the left primer
should be chosen as far as possible to the right within the 1-70
region and the right primer should be chosen as far as possible to the 
left within the 81-150 region.  If we had instead put "biggest", the
primers would instead have been chosen to make the PCR product as
large as possible.

Notice that in the diagram above, I didn't make it look like this:

"smallest":

 --------------------                   -------------------------
                 --->                   <---

(the primers are at the very edge of the regions).  The reason is that 
in general, due to other checks on the primers, the primers that would 
make the absolute smallest product are not acceptable, and the primers 
must be backed up.  Similarly for "biggest".



141)  Then run the following:

amplifyTranscripts.perl brian.fasta

(The name comes from the fact that this perl program was originally
developed to amplify cDNA transcripts.)

You should see about 5 pages of output flash by the screen, ending
with:

Checking pairs ... Done
Total space allocated: 0.504 Mbytes; currently free: 0.163 Mbytes in 4 blocks
Total space allocated: 0.504 Mbytes; currently free: 0.163 Mbytes in 4 blocks
Total # pairs: 1000, size: 0.044 Mbytes
Total # segment blocks: 1, size: 0.060 Mbytes
Total # diffs: 4, in 2 lists, size: 0.000 Mbytes

(This is cross_match output.)

142) Look at the files just created in your directory.  In particular,
look at for_colleen_unsorted.txt which should look like this:

PRIMER_PAIR {
Region: AP000527.C22.6.mRNA.primerRegion  Product size: 67
AP000527.C22.6.mRNA.primerRegionf: AGTTGAGGTGGGGGCAGC temp: 64
AP000527.C22.6.mRNA.primerRegionr: CATCATCCAAGACTGCGGC temp: 63
}
 
 
PRIMER_PAIR {
Region: AC004019.C22.4.mRNA.primerRegion  Product size: 59
AC004019.C22.4.mRNA.primerRegionf: TTTAGTCTTTCTGGTCTCCAGATGA temp: 61
AC004019.C22.4.mRNA.primerRegionr: TCTAGGTAGCTGTGGAATGTCTGA temp: 60
}


This gives the primers.  The top strand primer is the one ending in
'f' and the bottom strand primer is the one ending in 'r'.  Both are
in 5' to 3' orientation, so the 'r' primer is reverse complemented
from the sequence in the original fasta file.

143) To put these primers into 96 well format for ordering, type

orderPrimerPairs.perl no

The output will be:

to_order.txt (the file in 96 well format)
primersYYMMDD.fasta (a fasta file of the primers)
for_colleen_sorted.txt (a file in the same format as
   for_colleen_unsorted.txt, but sorted by product length)



144) Alternatively, autoPCRAmplify can be used directly without the
amplifyTranscripts.perl script, but this is a little harder.  I
suggest skipping this step unless amplifyTranscripts.perl is not
meeting your needs.  In this case, you must have an ace file readable
by Consed.


AutoPCRAmplify requires a file from you that specifies the regions you 
want to amplify:

Here is an example of how to do this:

cd autofinish/edit_dir
(You might need to first type "cd ../.." depending on where you are.)


more autoPCRAmplify.txt

You will see such a file:

regionA Contig1 20-100 -> Contig1 1000-1160 <- biggest
regionB Contig1 5200-5270 -> Contig1 6000-6050 <- smallest

regionA and regionB are the identifiers for the 2 regions that will be 
amplified.

"Contig1 20-100 ->" says that you want a top strand primer to be within
the region 20-100 of Contig1.

"Contig1 1000-1160 <-" says you want the bottom strand primer within the 
region 1000 to 1160 of Contig1.

"biggest" means that if there are more than one pair of primers that
satisfy the above conditions (there will typically be zillions), you
want the one with that gives the largest product.   "smallest" means
you want the smallest product.

Run autoPCRAmplify by typing:

consed -ace autofinish.fasta.screen.ace.1 -autoPCRAmplify autoPCRAmplify.txt

Type:

ls -tlr

to see what file was just created.  It should be a file called 

autofinish.020301.113327.out

(where 020301.113327 is replace by the current date/time in the format 
YYMMDD.HHMISS)

Look at this file with your favorite UNIX editor and you will see the
following (with lots of interspersed information):


PRIMER_PAIR {
id: regionA product_size: 1136
tgatttaatataatttcaagaaaatcc temp: 56 24-50 in Contig1
cattgtggttttaatttgcatt temp: 57 1138-1159 in Contig1
}


PRIMER_PAIR {
id: regionB product_size: 791
ggctgacgcttgtaatcc temp: 57 5249-5266 in Contig1
gattatacgcgtgagcca temp: 56 6022-6039 in Contig1
}


These are the primer pairs for the 2 regions.



 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
USING AUTOEDIT

Autoedit is a program that will read an ace file, make edits, and then
write out a new ace file, all without any interaction from the user.
Thus Autoedit can be run automatically at night, the same way you can
run phredPhrap.  Autoedit has various options that are controlled from
the .consedrc file the same as the .consedrc file controls Autofinish.

Run AutoEdit as follows:

consed -ace (name of exising ace file) -autoEdit 

This will create another ace file with a version number one higher
than the one you just ran.  If you want to specify a particular new ace
file name, you can do it this way:

consed -ace (old ace file) -autoEdit -newAceFileName (new ace file)


Autoedit has 3 options:


consed.autoEditConvertCloneEndBasesToXs: true
bool
! If true, will convert to X's bases of all reads that protrude beyond a
! cloneEnd tag.
! (YES)

consed.autoEditTellPhrapNotToOverlapMultiplyDiscrepantReads: true
bool
! This will find all locations where there are multiple identical 
! discrepancies with the consensus (and some other conditions) and try
! to make most of the reads quality 99 at that location so that phrap,
! next time it is run, will not overlap those reads.  This will fix
! many misassemblies.
! (YES)

consed.autoEditTagEditableLowConsensusQualityRegions: true
bool
! This will find regions that are low quality, but that a human
! finisher could easily determine the correct base and thus
! money could be saved by not having Autofinish suggest additional
! reads overlapping the region
! (YES)



 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

ADVANCED PHRAP/CONSED USAGE


145)  BACKING OUT EDITS AFTER YOU HAVE SAVED THE ASSEMBLY

If you decide that all your edits are terrible and you want to start
over (perhaps you have been training a new finisher), the cleanest
solution is to delete everything in phd_dir and edit_dir , but leave
everything in chromat_dir and just run
phredPhrap again.  


146)  SELECTIVELY BACKING OUT EDITS AND REMOVING READS

If you want to back out all edits in just particular reads, I have
provided a perl script to do this:


revertToUneditedRead (read name)

What it does it copy the .phd.1 to 1 greater than the highest
version.  

Then you must reassemble using the phredPhrap script to create an ace
file that has no edits for that particular read.  It will have all
edits for all other reads. 

Why doesn't it just delete all phd files except for the
.phd.1?  In that case, Consed could not read any previous ace file
since all previous versions of ace files would refer to phd files that 
have been deleted.

147)  REMOVING READS FROM AN ASSEMBLY

Create a file containing the filename of all the reads you want to
remove, one filename per line.
Then use the perl script

removeReads  <file of filenames>

Then reassemble using the phredPhrap script.


148)  ADDING READS WITHOUT CHROMATOGRAM FILES

This may happen if you, for example, download sequence from Genbank
and want to assemble it along with your reads.  

There are 2 ways to do this, depending on whether you want to edit the 
read or not.  

a)  If you want to edit the read, run mktrace to produce a fake trace.  It 
will have all perfect peaks.  

Run:

mktrace (name of file with fasta sequence)

Then run the phredPhrap script normally.  You will be able to bring up 
the traces in Consed and edit the read.

b)  If it is not important to edit the reads, there is a method that
is a little faster.  Create just a fake phd file using:

fasta2Phd.perl (name of file with fasta sequence)


It will create a file whose name is taken from the fasta file name:
for example, if the fasta filename is Contig1.c.fasta, then the phd file
will be called Contig1.c.phd.1 The fasta name in the file is ignored.
You can then put this in the phd_dir, and reassemble using the
phredPhrap script.

If the reads are really fake (you don't want the templates to be
chosen by Consed/Autofinish as a template for a primer), then the read
should end with an extension .c or .a or .c1 or
.c2 ... or .a1 or .a2 or ...   This indicates to Consed/Autofinish
that the read is a fake read.

Note:  when you are creating phd files such as this, you must start with
(read name).phd.1   Do not start with (read name).phd.2 or any higher
version number.  This is because Consed looks for the .1 version in
order to find the original phred calls so it expects there to be a .1
version.

There is also a publicly contributed script "lib2Phd.perl" that takes
a fasta file that contains more than one sequence and makes phd files
for each of them.


149)  COMPARING READS TO A REFERENCE SEQUENCE

The reference sequence, as in the step above, will just be another
read in the assembly.  Let's call it "ref".  To compare the other
reads to it, in the Aligned Reads Window, point at the Navigate Menu,
hold down the left mouse button and release on "Compare Reads To
Reference Sequence".  A Window labelled "Enter Name of Reference
Read" will pop up.  Enter the name of the read and click "OK".  A list
of high quality read positions that disagree with the reference read
will be displayed.


150)  FASTER CONSED STARTUP

You can greatly speed up Consed startup if you are willing to use more 
disk space.  The disk space used will be about equal to the total
space used by the PHD files.  Try this will a large dataset (you won't 
notice any difference with the test datasets that come with Consed.)

    To use this method of startup:
    
    1) cd to directory where ace file is kept
    2) type: catPhdFiles.perl
        (This will create a file called phd.ball which is big.)
    3) start consed normally


In many situations, this will greatly speed up Consed startup.  The
amount of speedup depends on which operating system is used: on Linux,
the time to read phd files dropped from 75 seconds to 8 seconds, and
thus the total time to start up consed dropped from 86 seconds to 17
seconds.  I saw similar speedups on Solaris where the phd files are on
an nfs mounted disk.  However, there was another situation in which
the startup time was the same.

Warning: If you create phd.ball as above, Consed will be reading most
phd files from phd.ball instead of from ../phd_dir.  If you delete phd
files in phd_dir, you must also delete phd.ball.  Otherwise Consed
will give lots of error messages "TIME STAMP MISMATCH" and many things
will not work correctly.


151)  WHY ARE ALL THE READS NOT IN THE ASSEMBLY?

You will notice that there are some contigs that contain only one
read.  You will also notice that there are some reads that are not
shown by Consed at all, since phrap did not put them into the ace
file.  Why?

If a read does not have a significant match (with Smith-Waterman score
exceeding minscore) to any other read, that read is not included in
the ace file.  Instead, that read is put in the '.singlets' file.
That read will not appear in Consed.

If a read does have a significant match to any other read, then it
will appear in the ace file and be shown by Consed.  However, such a
read might have other problems: it might not be possible to assemble
such a read with other reads (in the case of EST's this read may be a
unique representative of a particular gene (or a genomic sequence
contaminant) that happens to contain an Alu repeat and thus happens to
match other reads in the data set; or it may represent the only read
of a particular alternatively spliced form; or it may have data
anomalies of some sort (chimeras, etc.).  Such a read would end up in
a contig all of its own.


152)  ARE THERE READS THAT ARE TOTALLY UNALIGNED?

Unfortunately, yes.  In my opinion, Phrap shouldn't have put them in
the assembly at all.  But we just have to live with it.  You can find
if a read is totally unaligned by pointing the the read name in the
Aligned Reads Window and holding down the right mouse button.  Consed
will tell you the aligned positions, the high quality position, and
the chemistry of the read.


153) VIEWING THE CHROMATOGRAM OF SINGLETS OR NON-ASSEMBLED READS


If you have a chromatogram, you can use Consed to view it, even if it
hasn't been assembled into the ace file.  This is common with cDNA
assemblies in which the reads don't overlap and thus phrap doesn't put 
them together into a contig.

To do this, make the same edit_dir, phd_dir,
and chromat_dir as above, put the chromatogram into chromat_dir, run
phred on it to generate the phd file which goes into phd_dir.

Then go to edit_dir and run:

phd2Ace.perl (name of phd file)

For example, if your phd file is myRead.phd.1
from edit_dir, type:

phd2Ace.perl myRead.phd.1

This will produce myRead.ace

Then just start Consed normally:
consed -ace myRead.ace
and you can view the chromatogram.

154) HIDING SOME TYPES OF TAGS

If you have many tags that overlap and thus are purple, you can
hide some less relevant tag types so there is less purple and there is
less distraction.  Make sure you have a few tags visible.  Then click
on 'Find Main Win'.  In the Main Window, open the Options menu, and
release on 'Hide Some Tag Types'.  A list of tag types will pop up.
Select the type that you have visible (above).  Then click 'OK'.  Go
back to the Aligned Reads Window.  That tag should still be visible.
Click on the button 'Some Tags' in the upper right part of the Aligned
Reads Window.  Your tag should disappear.  The 'Some Tags' button
should have changed to 'Sh All Tags'.  Click on it again.  Your tags
should have reappeared.

155)  CUSTOM CONTIG NAMES

Normally, when you re-assemble, phrap will name the contigs
differently--what was Contig31 before may become Contig32.  To help
you know which contig is which, Consed allows you to give a name
(e.g., "A") to a contig which will persist after re-assembling.  To do
this, swipe some consensus bases with the middle mouse button (as
above).  When the "Select Tag Type" box pops up, click on "contigName"
and also type a name into the "Contig Name:" field and then click
"OK".  The next time you re-assemble, the name "A" will appear in the
list of contigs on the Consed Main Window.


156) MULTIPLE TRACE POPUP

Bring up dataset standard.  In the Aligned Reads window, scroll to
a region that has many reads and that has some discrepancies--try
position 1162.  Hold down the shift key, and click with the middle
mouse button on the consensus.  At this location 3 traces will
pop up--these are the 2 highest quality traces that agree with the
consensus (on each strand) and the highest quality trace that
disagrees with the consensus.  This feature is useful in areas of high
coverage when you want to rapidly examine just the most significant
traces rather than looking at all of them.


157)  MAXIMUM NUMBER OF TRACES DISPLAYED

Bring up dataset standard.  Scroll to position 1162.  Bring up 4
reads and then try bringing up additional reads.You will notice that
new reads are put at the top of the stack of traces and, once there
are 4 traces displayed, traces are automatically removed from the
bottom of the stack.  If you want to change this maximum number of
traces to something besides 4, you can do that: In the Consed Main
Window (click on 'Find Main Win' on the Aligned Reads window), pull
down the 'Options' menu, and release on 'General Preferences'.  Try
changing the 'Max Number of Traces Shown' to 3.  Then click 'Apply and
Dismiss'.  Now dismiss the Trace Window and again start adding
additional traces to the Trace Window.  You will notice that now the
number of traces shown will not exceed 3.

158) SCALING THE TRACES 

In the Trace Window, grab the thumb of the line that is labelled "V"
(for Vertical magnification) and move it back and forth, noticing the
effect on the traces.  This is useful if the traces are too small or
too large.  There are several other methods of scaling the traces you
will learn later.


159)  HOTKEYS FOR EDITING

If you do a lot of editing, you will want to have a faster method
of doing these edits than having the popup and selecting an option.
Thus the following hot keys exist:


    < and > (less than and greater than) to make n's to the left
        and the right (respectively) of the cursor
    control-l and control-r to make low quality to the left and
        the right (respectively) of the cursor
    overstriking with a capital letter (e.g., C instead of c) causes
        the base to become high quality rather than low quality
    overstriking with a lower case letter causes the base to become
        low quality

Give these a try.

160)  SCROLLING TRACES INDEPENDENTLY

Dismiss all of your Trace Windows.  Then pop up traces for 2
different reads in approximately the same location.  Scroll one of
them.  You may want to scroll by clicking the arrows or clicking to
the left or right of the thumb.  You will notice that both will
scroll.  Consed will do its best to have corresponding peak lined up.
(Consed can't line all of them up because the peak spacing is not
uniform and differs from read to read.)  Try removing a trace by
clicking on one of the 'Remove' buttons in the Trace Window.  Try
adding other traces.  Then click on 'No' for scrolling the traces
together and try scrolling.  You will now observe that they scroll
separately.


161)  ABI BASE CALLS

If you want to see the ABI base calls, no problem.  Just go to the
Consed Main Window.  Pull down the 'Options' menu and release on
'General Preferences'.  Click on 'True' for 'Show ABI Bases in Trace
Window' and then click 'OK' at the bottom of the window.  The ABI
bases will not be shown immediately--you must first dismiss the trace
window and bring it up again.  You will then see an additional line
with the ABI base calls.


162)  MEASURING ERROR RATE AND SINGLE SUBCLONE BASES FOR A REGION

Some contigs have long tails of low quality bases and you would
like to find out the error rate for the contig without that long
tail.  On the Align Reads Window, pull down the Misc menu, and release 
on 'Show Errors for a Region'.  This will tell you both the error rate 
for the region and the number of single subclone bases for that region.


163)  PREVENTING 2 USERS FROM MAKING CONFLICTING EDITS

If there are 2 users that are both editing in the same directory,
there is the possibility they will both make edits to the same read.
Whoever saves their assembly last will wipe out the edits of the other
person, even if they were using different ace files.  To help prevent
this, consed can warn you if someone else is making edits in the same
directory.  Set the consed parameter:

consed.onlyAllowOneReadWriteConsedAtATime: true

The default is "false" so you have to turn this to true to make it
work (see CONSED CUSTOMIZATION).

This will usually work even if the 2 users are on different computers
(and the directory is nfs-mounted between them) and even if the
different computers have different operating systems.  I've tested the
following combinations:
user 1 on Solaris; user 2 on Solaris
user 1 on Linux; user 2 on Linux
user 1 on Solaris; user 2 on Alpha (Digital Unix)
user 1 on Linux; user 2 on Solaris  <--- does not work

Only the last combination doesn't work.



164)  PRINTING CONSED WINDOWS

There is a free (or nearly free) program called "xv".  One web site is
http://www.trilon.com/xv  It is written by one of those dying breed of
UNIX programmers who just *loved* UNIX and programming and sharing it.
His web site is enjoyable because some of his passion comes through.
With xv, you can make a postscript file from a Consed window.  Then
you can print the postscript file on a color printer.

However, since some Consed windows are mostly black (Aligned Reads
Window and Traces Window), this uses up a lot of toner and is
difficult to read.  So go to the Consed Main Window, pulldown the
'Options' menu and release on 'General Preferences'.  Scroll down to
"Make light background in Aligned Reads Window..." and click on "Do it
now".  Dismiss any Aligned Reads Windows or Traces Windows and then
bring them back up.  You will notice the light background.  A few
other things (traces colors and thickness) are also customized for
making color prints.  

165) COLOR MEANS MATCH

In the Aligned Reads Window, go to the menu labelled 'color', and
pulldown and release on 'color means match'.

Now you notice different colors:  The
colors have the following meaning:

    Blue:   agrees with consensus
    Orange: disagrees with consensus
    Yellow: this stretch of this read was used by phrap to form the consensus
    Grey:   Low quality or unaligned ends of reads 




 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTE TO LINUX USERS

In /usr/lib, there must be a file: libstdc++-libc6.2-2.so.3

If you try to run consed and this is missing, you will see an error
message like this:

> ./consed
./consed: error while loading shared libraries: libstdc++-libc6.2-2.so.3: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

I have provided this file in case you don't have it.  Just put it in
/usr/lib and see if that fixes the problem.

One consed user reports:

did a little poking around and found that i needed:
compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.118 RPM for i386 since i'm running fedora
core 1 at the moment.  ...  Anyway, if anyone gets this error tell
them they're missing the Standard C++ libraries for Red Hat 7.3
backwards compatibility compiler and it can be downloaded here:

http://www2.linuxforum.net/RPM/fedora/core/1/Fedora/RPMS/compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.118.i386.html



 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTE TO ITANIUM LINUX USERS

In /usr/lib, there must be a file: libstdc++-libc6.2-2.so.3

If you try to run consed and this is missing, you will see an error
message like this:

> ./consed
./consed: error while loading shared libraries: libstdc++-libc6.2-2.so.3: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

If you don't have this file already, I have provided it for you in
with the linux consed distribution.  

 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTE TO SGI USERS

In /usr/lib, there must be a file: libCsup.so

If you don't have this file, you must get it from SGI.  To get it, if
you are on Irix 6.2 through 6.4, request:

SG0001637 'C++ Exception handling patch for 7.00 (and above) compilers
on irix 6.2' (it's on the 'Development Options 7.1' CD).

If you are on Irix 5.3, install patch 1600

To make things easier for you, I've included my libCsup.so
This might save you having to get the patches above.

consed_sgi64 is for 64 bit computers.  If you have a 64 bit computer,
use it instead of consed_sgi since it will allow you to use very large
datasets (over 100,000 reads).


 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTE TO SOLARIS USERS

A.
Do not use /usr/ucb/cc !!!  How can you tell if you are using it?
Type:
which cc
If it says /usr/ucb/cc, you must get gcc or else buy the commercial cc
from Sun (which is /opt/SUNWspro/bin/cc).

If you use /usr/ucb/cc, strange things will happen, including
phd2fasta not working correctly by cutting off the first 2 characters
of read names.

B.
If you have trouble with consed's DNS name resolution (e.g., if the
following doesn't work:
setenv DISPLAY name1.name2.name3.name4:0.0
but the following does work:
setenv DISPLAY number1.number2.number3.number4:0.0
then you might try:
consed_solaris_dynamic
which is dynamically linked and see if this solves the problem.

C.
If you are using large files or datasets, please use the executable
consed_solaris_64.  The other one will not be able to handle files
larger than 2Gb.



 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTE TO MACOSX USERS

If you don't have an X environment already on your MAC, download from
Apple at www.apple.com/software  I suggest you use XDarwin in full
screen mode.  Use option-apple-A to move back and forth between the
MAC desktop and the X environment.  

If you have a 1-button mouse, I've found that:

apple-click = right button click
option-click = middle button click
(some people said the reverse of this)

One Consed user who is experienced in macosx says that XDarwin is not
so friendly and instead suggests running the X11 version found at:

http://www.apple.com/downloads/macosx/apple/x11formacosx.html

or else OroborOSX (http://oroborosx.sourceforge.net/), and a new
(non-beta) version is available
(http://oroborosx.sourceforge.net/download.html).

Please edit the phredPhrap to reflect the correct location of nice
(there is a note in the phredPhrap script about this).


 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------



CONSED CUSTOMIZATION

If you want to customize Consed, it would help to be able to edit in
UNIX.  There is no Microsoft Word in UNIX, but there is emacs, vi,
pico and other editors.  You must learn one of these if you are going
to use the phred/phrap/consed/autofinish system effectively.

You can find more information on pico from:

http://www.strath.ac.uk/IT/Docs/IntroToUnix/node122.html

Point at the 'Info' menu on the Consed Main Window, hold down the left
mouse button and release on menu item 'Show Current Consed Parameters'.  This
shows you what is available to be changed by putting in your
~/.consedrc file.

Point at the 'Info' menu on the Consed Main Window, hold down the left
mouse button and release on menu item 'Show Default X Resources'.
This shows you what is available to be changed by putting in your
~/.Xdefaults file.

Point at the 'Options' menu on the Consed Main Window, hold down the
left mouse button and release on menu item 'Edit Consed/Autofinish
Parameters'.  This includes most of the parameters found under 'Info/Show
Current Consed Parameters' (above).  It provides an easy graphical way for you
to edit these parameters, if you are not familiar with editing under
UNIX.  You just change the parameter you want and click "Save".  (See 
HOW TO CHANGE CONSED/AUTOFINISH PARAMETERS (far above)).  For the new
parameter to take effect, you must restart Consed/Autofinish.

Changes in ~/.consedrc only affect one user.  If you want to make a
change to affect all Consed users on the system, put a file in some
central location (e.g., /usr/local/genome/lib/.consedrc ) and then
have every user set the environment variable CONSED_PARAMETERS to
that the full pathname of the file.  For example, if using csh or
tcsh, type:

setenv CONSED_PARAMETERS /usr/local/genome/lib/.consedrc

If using bash, type:

CONSED_PARAMETERS=/usr/local/genome/lib/.consedrc
export CONSED_PARAMETERS

Anything the user puts in ~/.consedrc will override whatever is in the
CONSED_PARAMETERS file.

You can also have different parameters for different projects.  Put a
.consedrc file in the edit_dir of a particular project.  When you are
working on that project, whatever is in that .consedrc will override
whatever is in your ~/.consedrc file or the  CONSED_PARAMETERS file.


CUSTOMIZING NAVIGATE BY SINGLE STRANDED REGIONS AND NAVIGATE BY SINGLE
SUBCLONE REGIONS

You can set the parameters:

consed.searchFunctionsUseUnalignedEndsOfReads: false
consed.searchFunctionsUseLowQualityEndsOfReads: true

If you set consed.searchFunctionsUseUnalignedEndsOfReads to be false,
then the unaligned ends of a read are not considered to cover the
consensus.

If you set consed.searchFunctionsUseLowQualityEndsOfReads to false,
then the low quality ends of a read are not considered to cover the
consensus.

For example, if the settings are:

consed.searchFunctionsUseUnalignedEndsOfReads: false
consed.searchFunctionsUseLowQualityEndsOfReads: false

then a base in a read is only considered to cover the consensus if it
is both in the aligned portion of the read and the high quality
portion of the read.

166) .consedrc vs .Xdefaults

Although most Consed parameters now go into .consedrc, there are still
a very few that need to stay in .Xdefaults.  Here is the rule: if the
parameter starts with

consed.

such as

consed.gunzipFullPath: /bin/uncompress

then it goes into .consedrc

If the resource (here it is called a "resource" rather than a
"parameter") starts with

consed*

such as

consed*contigwin.background: Black

then it goes in .Xdefaults


167) MAKING LIGHT BACKGROUND FOR SLIDES


Put the following in .Xdefaults:

consed*contigwin.background:    black
consed*scaleDrawingArea.background: grey70
consed*consensusDrawingArea.background: grey70
consed*editableBasesDrawingArea.background: grey70
consed*tagsDrawingArea.background: grey70
consed*phredCalledBasesDrawingArea.background: grey70
consed*ABICalledBasesDrawingArea.background: grey70
consed*tracesDrawingArea.background: grey70
consed*contigwin.background: grey70
consed*scaleNumbers.foreground: grey70
consed*scaleGraphics.foreground: grey70
   

Then the following goes into .consedrc:

consed.colorTracesA: chartreuse
consed.colorTracesC: royal blue
consed.colorTracesG: Black
consed.colorScale: Black
consed.colorScaleBackground: Grey70
consed.colorSequencingDirectionArrow: Blue
consed.colorConsensusLabel: Blue
consed.colorConsensusLabelBackground: Grey70

Then from the command line type 
xrdb -remove
and restart consed


168) COLOR BLINDNESS

One person with Red/Green colorblindness (Deutan), found the following
colors helpful:

consed.colorTracesG: Yellow
consed.colorTracesA: forest green
consed.colorTracesC: medium blue
consed.colorTracesT: light coral

Put these in a .consedrc in your home directory.

 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

CONSED FOR LARGE ASSEMBLIES

This section only applies to assemblies that have 10,000 reads or more 
and/or is of a multi-megabase region.  

169)  To speed up the time for Consed to start up, follow instructions for
FASTER CONSED STARTUP (above).  Please do this--otherwise you will die
of old age waiting for Consed to startup (well, it would take hours
anyway).  With one bacterial genome assembly with 73,000 reads, using
this faster startup method it takes consed 4 minutes to startup--just
enough time for coffee.

170)  Enough memory is vital with large assemblies.  In csh or tcsh
type:
limit
You should see something like this:

cputime         unlimited
filesize        unlimited
datasize        2097148 kbytes
stacksize       8192 kbytes
coredumpsize    0 kbytes
vmemoryuse      unlimited
descriptors     64 

Type:
limit datasize unlimited
Then type:
limit
just to see that the number has changed.

171) Make sure you have enough swap space to support the amount of RAM
on the computer.

172) Some operating systems and computer hardware is inadequate to
support programs requiring large amounts of memory.  Our experience is
that older versions of Linux will not allow a single process to
consume all (or even most) of available memory.  More recent versions
of linux will allow up to 2Gb, but we haven't seen it allow more.  If
you need more than 4Gb of memory, you have exceeded the addressing
limit of any 32-bit computer, regardless of operating system, and you
must use a 64-bit computer: an alpha, SGI, IBM or Solaris Sparc
running in 64 bit mode.  As of this writing, Intel's won't run Consed
in 64-bit mode.

 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

FOR PROGRAMMERS AND FELLOW TRAVELLERS ONLY



173)  COMPRESSING CHROMATOGRAMS

If you are interested in compressing your chromatogram files, go into
chromat_dir and gzip one of the chromatogram files.  Make sure that
gunzip is in /usr/local/bin   (You can change this location via the
Consed parameter

consed.gunzipFullPath: /usr/local/bin/gunzip

--see CONSED CUSTOMIZATION (above), but it will be easiest for 
you and your users if you just put gunzip (or a link to it) in
/usr/local/bin and not have to bother with Consed parameters.)

Restart Consed and bring up the corresponding trace.  You will notice
no appreciable delay.


174)  READING CHROMATOGRAMS OUT OF AN EXTERNAL DATABASE

Normally, chromatograms are kept in ../chromat_dir.  If you want to
keep them somewhere else (such as in an external database), you can do
that.  When the chromatogram is needed (when the user asks to view a
trace), Consed will call an external program, passing it the name of
the read required, and then look for the chromatogram in /tmp (by
default).  It will read the chromatogram and then delete it.  Use the
parameters:

consed.alwaysRunProgramToGetChromats: true
consed.programToRunToGetChromats: /usr/local/bin/programToGetChromat

In this case, "programToGetChromat" is the name of the program that
gets the chromatogram and puts it into /tmp.


175)  CONSED -ACE

Try bringing up Consed like this:

consed -ace (name of ace file)

This can be useful if you are going to have Consed brought up from
some other program.


176)  NO PHD FILES

Try bring up Consed like this:

consed -nophd

This mode allows you to view an assembly when you don't have phd files
or chromatograms but you only have the ace file.  I do not recommend
nor support this option!  There are so many things that do not work
with this option that I haven't bothered to keep track of them, but
here are a few items: can't make joins, can't recalculate consensus
quality, can't view traces, can't edit, autofinish will not give good
results, can't view quality of the read bases, ...


177)  CREATING CUSTOM TAG TYPES

You can add your own tag types by creating a file of your custom tag
types.  The file looks like this:

mytag1 red consensus yes
mytag2 purple both yes
mytag3 green read no
 
    field 1 ("mytag1") is the tag name
    field 2 ("red") is the color
    field 3 is "consensus", "read", or "both" depending on which kind of tag
        it is
    field 4 is "yes" or "no" depending on whether the user can add
        this tag in Consed (by swiping) or whether it is a tag that
        can only be viewed in Consed (presumably it would be added by
        some software of yours before the user sees it in Consed).
 
If the file is called "/usr/local/genome/lib/tagTypes.txt", then in
.consedrc put the following line:

consed.fileOfTagTypes: /usr/local/genome/lib/tagTypes.txt
so that Consed knows where the file is.

Once you have done this, the user of Consed can add tags of these
types in the method described in TAGS of the Quick Tour (above).

The list of available colors is found in the file rgb.txt found in
/usr/lib/X11/rgb.txt on Linux or /usr/openwin/lib/rgb.txt on Solaris.
For more information, consult any X-Windows reference, since this has
nothing to do specifically with Consed.  For your convenience, here
are most of the color names.  One way to find out what they look like
is to try them:

snow                    SlateBlue2         coral1
ghost white             SlateBlue3         coral2            
white smoke             SlateBlue4         coral3            
gainsboro               RoyalBlue1         coral4            
floral white            RoyalBlue2         tomato1           
old lace                RoyalBlue3         tomato2           
linen                   RoyalBlue4         tomato3           
antique white           blue1              tomato4           
papaya whip             blue2              OrangeRed1        
blanched almond         blue3              OrangeRed2        
bisque                  blue4              OrangeRed3        
peach puff              DodgerBlue1        OrangeRed4        
navajo white            DodgerBlue2        red1              
moccasin                DodgerBlue3        red2              
cornsilk                DodgerBlue4        red3              
ivory                   SteelBlue1         red4              
lemon chiffon           SteelBlue2         DeepPink1         
seashell                SteelBlue3         DeepPink2         
honeydew                SteelBlue4         DeepPink3         
mint cream              DeepSkyBlue1       DeepPink4         
azure                   DeepSkyBlue2       HotPink1          
alice blue              DeepSkyBlue3       HotPink2          
lavender                DeepSkyBlue4       HotPink3          
lavender blush          SkyBlue1           HotPink4          
misty rose              SkyBlue2           pink1             
white                   SkyBlue3           pink2             
black                   SkyBlue4           pink3             
dark slate gray         LightSkyBlue1      pink4             
dim gray                LightSkyBlue2      LightPink1        
slate gray              LightSkyBlue3      LightPink2        
light slate gray        LightSkyBlue4      LightPink3        
gray                    SlateGray1         LightPink4        
light grey              SlateGray2         PaleVioletRed1    
midnight blue           SlateGray3         PaleVioletRed2    
navy                    SlateGray4         PaleVioletRed3    
cornflower blue         LightSteelBlue1    PaleVioletRed4    
dark slate blue         LightSteelBlue2    maroon1           
slate blue              LightSteelBlue3    maroon2           
medium slate blue       LightSteelBlue4    maroon3           
light slate blue        LightBlue1         maroon4           
medium blue             LightBlue2         VioletRed1        
royal blue              LightBlue3         VioletRed2        
blue                    LightBlue4         VioletRed3        
dodger blue             LightCyan1         VioletRed4        
deep sky blue           LightCyan2         magenta1          
sky blue                LightCyan3         magenta2          
light sky blue          LightCyan4         magenta3          
steel blue              PaleTurquoise1     magenta4          
light steel blue        PaleTurquoise2     orchid1           
light blue              PaleTurquoise3     orchid2           
powder blue             PaleTurquoise4     orchid3           
pale turquoise          CadetBlue1         orchid4           
dark turquoise          CadetBlue2         plum1             
medium turquoise        CadetBlue3         plum2             
turquoise               CadetBlue4         plum3             
cyan                    turquoise1         plum4             
light cyan              turquoise2         MediumOrchid1     
cadet blue              turquoise3         MediumOrchid2     
medium aquamarine       turquoise4         MediumOrchid3     
aquamarine              cyan1              MediumOrchid4     
dark green              cyan2              DarkOrchid1       
dark olive green        cyan3              DarkOrchid2       
dark sea green          cyan4              DarkOrchid3       
sea green               DarkSlateGray1     DarkOrchid4       
medium sea green        DarkSlateGray2     purple1           
light sea green         DarkSlateGray3     purple2           
pale green              DarkSlateGray4     purple3           
spring green            aquamarine1        purple4           
lawn green              aquamarine2        MediumPurple1     
green                   aquamarine3        MediumPurple2     
chartreuse              aquamarine4        MediumPurple3     
medium spring green     DarkSeaGreen1      MediumPurple4     
green yellow            DarkSeaGreen2      thistle1          
lime green              DarkSeaGreen3      thistle2          
yellow green            DarkSeaGreen4      thistle3          
forest green            SeaGreen1          thistle4          
olive drab              SeaGreen2          gray0             
dark khaki              SeaGreen3          gray1             
khaki                   SeaGreen4          gray2             
pale goldenrod          PaleGreen1         gray3             
light goldenrod yellow  PaleGreen2         gray4             
light yellow            PaleGreen3         gray5             
yellow                  PaleGreen4         gray6             
gold                    SpringGreen1       gray7             
light goldenrod         SpringGreen2       gray8             
goldenrod               SpringGreen3       gray9             
dark goldenrod          SpringGreen4       gray10            
rosy brown              green1             gray11            
indian red              green2             gray12            
saddle brown            green3             gray13            
sienna                  green4             gray14            
peru                    chartreuse1        gray15            
burlywood               chartreuse2        gray16            
beige                   chartreuse3        gray17            
wheat                   chartreuse4        gray18            
sandy brown             OliveDrab1         gray19            
tan                     OliveDrab2         gray20            
chocolate               OliveDrab3         gray21            
firebrick               OliveDrab4         gray22            
brown                   DarkOliveGreen1    gray23            
dark salmon             DarkOliveGreen2    gray24            
salmon                  DarkOliveGreen3    gray25            
light salmon            DarkOliveGreen4    gray26            
orange                  khaki1             gray27            
dark orange             khaki2             gray28            
coral                   khaki3             gray29            
light coral             khaki4             gray30            
tomato                  LightGoldenrod1    gray31            
orange red              LightGoldenrod2    gray32            
red                     LightGoldenrod3    gray33            
hot pink                LightGoldenrod4    gray34            
deep pink               LightYellow1       gray35            
pink                    LightYellow2       gray36            
light pink              LightYellow3       gray37            
pale violet red         LightYellow4       gray38            
maroon                  yellow1            gray39            
medium violet red       yellow2            gray40            
violet red              yellow3            gray41            
magenta                 yellow4            gray42            
violet                  gold1              gray43            
plum                    gold2              gray44            
orchid                  gold3              gray45            
medium orchid           gold4              gray46            
dark orchid             goldenrod1         gray47            
dark violet             goldenrod2         gray48            
blue violet             goldenrod3         gray49            
purple                  goldenrod4         gray50            
medium purple           DarkGoldenrod1     gray51            
thistle                 DarkGoldenrod2     gray52            
snow1                   DarkGoldenrod3     gray53            
snow2                   DarkGoldenrod4     gray54            
snow3                   RosyBrown1         gray55            
snow4                   RosyBrown2         gray56            
seashell1               RosyBrown3         gray57            
seashell2               RosyBrown4         gray58            
seashell3               IndianRed1         gray59            
seashell4               IndianRed2         gray60            
AntiqueWhite1           IndianRed3         gray61            
AntiqueWhite2           IndianRed4         gray62            
AntiqueWhite3           sienna1            gray63            
AntiqueWhite4           sienna2            gray64            
bisque1                 sienna3            gray65            
bisque2                 sienna4            gray66            
bisque3                 burlywood1         gray67            
bisque4                 burlywood2         gray68            
PeachPuff1              burlywood3         gray69            
PeachPuff2              burlywood4         gray70            
PeachPuff3              wheat1             gray71            
PeachPuff4              wheat2             gray72            
NavajoWhite1            wheat3             gray73            
NavajoWhite2            wheat4             gray74            
NavajoWhite3            tan1               gray75            
NavajoWhite4            tan2               gray76            
LemonChiffon1           tan3               gray77            
LemonChiffon2           tan4               gray78            
LemonChiffon3           chocolate1         gray79            
LemonChiffon4           chocolate2         gray80            
cornsilk1               chocolate3         gray81            
cornsilk2               chocolate4         gray82            
cornsilk3               firebrick1         gray83            
cornsilk4               firebrick2         gray84            
ivory1                  firebrick3         gray85            
ivory2                  firebrick4         gray86            
ivory3                  brown1             gray87            
ivory4                  brown2             gray88            
honeydew1               brown3             gray89            
honeydew2               brown4             gray90            
honeydew3               salmon1            gray91            
honeydew4               salmon2            gray92            
LavenderBlush1          salmon3            gray93            
LavenderBlush2          salmon4            gray94            
LavenderBlush3          LightSalmon1       gray95            
LavenderBlush4          LightSalmon2       gray96            
MistyRose1              LightSalmon3       gray97            
MistyRose2              LightSalmon4       gray98            
MistyRose3              orange1            gray99            
MistyRose4              orange2            gray100           
azure1                  orange3            dark grey         
azure2                  orange4            dark blue         
azure3                  DarkOrange1        dark cyan         
azure4                  DarkOrange2        dark magenta      
SlateBlue1              DarkOrange3        dark red          
                        DarkOrange4        light green       



178)  ADDING TAGS FROM OTHER PROGRAMS

You can also write external programs that add tags to the ace file
and/or the phd files.  Both RT (read) and CT (consensus) tags can be
appended to the end of the ace file.  BEGIN_TAG tags can be appended
to the end of the phd files.  Do not rewrite the ace file or the phd
file--there is no need to do so and it will cause problems.

179)  CONTROL OF CONSED FROM SOME OTHER PROGRAM

Consed can be controlled by some other program.  For example, you
might have a program that displays mapping data and you would like the
user to be able to click on a location and have Consed come up showing
the bases in that region.  This feature allows a programmer to do
this.


The external program can start up Consed as follows:

consed -socket (local port number) -ace (ace filename)

For example,

consed -socket 5432 -ace standard.fasta.screen.ace.1

After Consed completes coming up (including you clicking whether you
want to apply edits), you will see the message in the xterm:

success bind to local port number: 5432

And then you will see a file created by Consed in the default
directory called consedSocketLocalPortNumber

This gives the port number of the Berkeley socket that Consed has
opened and is listening on.  Thus your program can read this file and
create a connection to the Berkeley socket created by Consed.

Once the connection is established, your program can send commands to
Consed at that socket indicating to Consed which contig to display and
what consensus position to scroll to.  Currently, the only acceptable
commands are:

Scroll (contigname) (consensus position)<return>
PopupTraces (read name) (unpadded read position in the direction of sequencing)<return>

'Unpadded read position in the direction of sequencing' is the
position from the right end, if the read is a bottom strand read.

Just send such a command to the Berkeley socket, and Consed will
respond appropriately.  (Currently, Consed doesn't like it if another
process establishes a connection and then terminates without first
terminating the connection.)


Here is an example:  In standard/edit_dir, start consed as follows:

consed -socket 5432 -ace standard.fasta.screen.ace.1

Then in the same directory, run the following perl script (thanks to
Bill Gilliland):

#! /usr/local/bin/perl -w
 
# open a socket to consed
 
use IO::Socket;
 
# Consed makes a file which has nothing but the port number.
# This will enforce running this program in the edit_dir, too!
open(SOCKETFILE, "consedSocketLocalPortNumber") 
        || die "Can't find consedSocketLocalPortNumber!\n";
$portNumber = <SOCKETFILE>;
close(SOCKETFILE) || die "Can't close consedSocketLocalPortNumber!\n";
 
$socket = IO::Socket::INET->new("localhost:$portNumber") or die $@;
 
print $socket "Scroll Contig1 100\n";
while(<> ) {
    print "waiting for you to type...";
}

Consed should scroll to position 100.




180)  AUTOMATIC ORDERING OF OLIGOS

I heard of a finisher who manually ordered 72 oligos.  She had to
cut/paste the bases of each oligo.  That is not only painful, but also
error prone.  I've supplied you a script that you can use to
automatically determine which oligos have been newly requested since
the last order, aggregate them into a single order, and email the
request off.

The script is ace2Oligos.perl.  It takes as command line arguments the
name of an ace file and the name of the oligo file.  The oligo file is
a list of oligos that have been ordered for that particular project,
and looks like this:

name=G1980A181.1
sequence=ctgcatggctaggga
template=seq from subclone
date=980427 temp=52
 
name=G1980A181.2
sequence=tcttactttctgactttcattt
template=seq from clone
date=980427 temp=50

ace2Oligos.perl finds all oligo tags in the ace file and makes sure
that all of them are in this oligo file.

To automatically order oligos each night, there is an additional
script you will have to write.  I suggest that you run your script
each night under cron and that it do the following:

for each project, it will look for the most recent ace file.  It will
run ace2Oligos.perl on that ace file and direct the oligo file to be
in the parent directory of edit_dir, phd_dir, and chromat_dir for that
project.  Thus there will be one oligos file for each project.  Your
script will run ace2Oligos.perl once for each project.

Then your script would, for each project, look in the oligos file for
new oligos, and aggregate the unordered oligos into a central file,
which it would email to the oligo company.  If it finds any new oligos
in an oligo file, it draws a line at the bottom:

-------------------------------

which indicates that all oligos have been ordered.  When this script
looks at this file the next night, it uses this line to determine
whether any additional oligos have been requested since the previous
order.  (The idea of this line came from St Louis.)  Thus the oligos
file tells you which oligos have been ordered and which have not yet
been ordered.


181)  CUSTOM NAVIGATION

In the Main Window, there is also a Navigate menu.  Pull it down and
release on the Custom Navigation menu item.  A box will pop up saying
'Select custom navigation file:'  
There will be a file:
custom_navigation.nav
Double click on it.

You will see the now-familiar custom navigation box.  Click 'Next'
repeatedly until you get to the end of the list.

Consed doesn't write such a file--it just reads it.  This feature
allows you the ability to write your own programs that select
locations that you want your finishers to examine.  Your program
writes a file, the user reads that file into Consed in this manner,
and you can go to each of the locations.


182) DEFINING KEYS (HOTKEYS) TO CALL EXTERNAL PROGRAMS AND/OR APPLY TAGS AND/OR
 INTEGRATE CONSED WITH EXTERNAL DATABASES

[CUSTOM KEYS, USER-DEFINED KEYS]

You can define keys (such as Control-N) to apply a particular tag to a
single base, saving you the several steps in applying tags: swiping
and selecting a tag type (as shown under "TAGS" above).  However, it
is even more powerful than that.  You can also define an external
program to run when you type this key.  That external program can be
your own, and it could be, for example, a program that puts
information into an external database.

The first thing you need to set up a custom hotkey is a .consedrc
file which goes in edit_dir of the project you're working on (see
above CONSED CUSTOMIZATION for other possible locations).

Put the following in that file:

consed.userDefinedKeys: 14 15
! make a space-separated list of the decimal ASCII values of the keys
! 14 means control-N, 15 means control-O
 
consed.programsForUserDefinedKeys: /bin/echo /bin/echo
! a space-separated list of the full pathnames of the commands to run
 
consed.argumentsToPassToUserDefinedPrograms: argument_for_first_key argument_for_se
cond_key
! a space-separated list of the arguments to pass to each user-defined programs
 
consed.tagsToApplyWithUserDefinedKeys: none polymorphismConfirmed
! a space-separate list of the tag types to apply when the user
! presses a user-defined key.  If a key is to have no associated tag,
! then enter "none" for that key.


This makes control-N and control-O ("oh"--not zero) call "/bin/echo"
by default.  In either the aligned reads window or the trace window,
click the cursor on a base and try these keys (e.g., holding down the
control key and typing 'o').  Watch in the xterm where you started
Consed for output like this:
 
argument_for_first_key djs74-561.s1 97 Contig1 2534 2581 a 51 /kw3/gordon/consed_demo/standard/edit_dir/standard.fasta.screen.ace.1 tr.window
argument_for_second_key djs74-2679.s1 78 Contig1 2527 2574 c 39 /kw3/gordon/consed_demo/standard/edit_dir/standard.fasta.screen.ace.1 a.r.window
 
djs74_561.s1 the read the user was viewing (or "consensus" if the
   cursor is on the consensus)
97 the base position in the direction of sequencing (or -1 if the
   cursor is on the consensus)
Contig1 the contig
2534 the unpadded consensus position
2581 is the padded (counts *'s) consensus position
'a' is the base
51 is the quality of the base
/kw3/gordon/consed_demo/standard/edit_dir/standard.fasta.screen.ace.1 is the ace file 
tr.window means it was called by the user pushing the key in the trace
window--not the aligned reads window.


It's the same as if you had run the 
program from the shell, with command-line arguments, like this:
 
bash%: /bin/echo argument_for_first_key djs74-561.s1 97 Contig1 2534 2581 a 51 /kw3/gordon/consed_demo/standard/edit_dir/standard.fasta.screen.ace.1 tr.window
 
You will also see that control-O will automatically add a
polymorphismConfirmed tag, but control-N will not add any tag.  That
is because of consed.tagsToApplyWithUserDefinedKeys (see above).
 
Several groups that are doing polymorphism detection have expressed
interest in this feature because it enables them to have Consed
directly write into an external database (e.g., Oracle or Sybase) by
calling a program that then writes to the database.
 
You can use these hotkeys from within the trace window or the aligned
reads window.
You don't have to use only ctrl-N/ctrl-O... for instance 1 is 
control-A, 2 is control-B, 3 is control-C, 4 is control-D, etc.

If you want to pass this information to a database, you will need to know 
how to talk to your database, and either choose your hotkey to do it 
directly for you, or call another program that takes the parameters 
above and massages them into the format your database needs.

control-A, control-E, and control-T already mean something in the
aligned reads window, so those keys cannot be defined to be anything
else.  Typically control-C, control-S, and control-Q already mean
something to the operating system so you can't use those, either.
 

183)  READ PREFIXES

You can create a file called readPrefixes.txt in edit_dir.  This file
contains a list of reads and prefixes for those reads.  In the Aligned 
Reads Window, the Consed user will see those read prefixes in a column 
before the read names.  This can be a very helpful feature for
finishers.  For example, these read prefixes can indicate to the
finishers which templates are available to use for making finishing
reads.

The format of the file is:

(readname) (read prefix) (color for read prefix)

The read prefix and color for read prefix are optional.  If you
leave them out, you get '*' for the read prefix in blue.


The consed parameters involving this feature are:

consed.defaultReadPrefix: *
consed.readPrefixesFile: readPrefixes.txt
consed.maxCharsDisplayedForReadPrefix: 1

but you probably won't need to change them.


184)  USING FILES CREATED ON WINDOWS OR WINDOWS NT.  

Don't.  (E.g., phd files generated by a Beckman CEQ-2000.)  These
files initially had <CR><LF> at end of line instead of <LF>.  CONSED
chokes every time it tries to read something from these phd files.
If you must use these files, you must first convert them to UNIX
format, which means stripping out the CR's and just having \n (decimal
185) separate lines.


 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

MONITORS AND MICE FOR CONSED

If your monitor is part of a Unix computer (a Sun, an HP, a DEC, an
SGI, or a Linux box) or is an Xterminal, then you will have absolutely
no problems.

You must have 3 button mouse or 3 button emulation.  3 Button
emulation is tricky since Consed uses all 3 buttons of the mouse and
it also uses Control-Middle-Mouse-button, Shift-Middle-Mouse-Button
and Control-Right-Mouse-Button.  So if you are going to try to just
use a 2 button mouse (or, God-forbid, a 1 button mouse), you should
make sure that you can emulate each of those.  Often, if you push the
left and right mouse buttons at the same time, your X server will
interpret that to be the middle mouse button.  But you must consult
your X emulator or X server to know what it will do--that is out of
Consed's control.

If your monitor is a PC running Windows or NT, then you must have an X
emulator installed and running.  X emulators include:  Exceed, XWin32,
Reflection X, and OpenNT.  Any of these will work if configured
correctly (and the 'correctly' is the key).  I encourage you to use
single window mode and then use a Unix window manager such as CDE,
fvwm, or mwm.

If your monitor is a MAC with macosx running, see NOTE TO MACOSX
USERS (above).

If your monitor is a MAC (pre-Macosx), then you must also have an X
emulator, such as Exodus or MACX installed and running.  You *must*
use this emulator in single window mode, and then use a Unix window
manager such as CDE, fvwm, or mwm.  (If you don't use single window
mode, Consed might crash in some circumstances.)

 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

HUGE ASSEMBLIES

If you have an assembly of over around 100,000 reads, you might need
to have a 64 bit computer.  Consed's Alpha version is 64 bit and Consed
has a 64-bit SGI version.  Linux is currently not available in 64
bit.  64-bit Solaris and HP versions can probably be made if there is
enough interest.

Linux has problems even for moderately large assemblies (70,000+
reads).  Many users have reported problems getting the Linux kernel to
allow a single process to get a large amount of heap ("datasize").  


 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

AUTOFINISH AND PRIMER-PICKING PARAMETERS AND OTHER PARAMETERS

Some of the parameters below are used by Autofinish, some by Consed's
primer picker, and some by both.

You should use the default values of these parameters unless you have
a particular reason for changing them.  The defaults have been chosen
very carefully based on theory and experimentation and are the ones
being used at the major genome centers.

You can set these via the .consedrc file.

In addition, for a particular Consed session, you interactively change
many of these in the following manner: On the main window, point to 
'Options', hold down the left mouse button and release on 'Primer
Picking Preferences.'  You can modify the parameter of interest and
then click on 'Apply and Dismiss'.  The new value of the parameter will 
be in affect only until you restart Consed.

For the most current list, in the Consed Main Window, point to 'Info', 
hold down the left button, and release on 'Show Current Consed
Parameters'.

! In the following, I have annotated the parameters with the following
! symbols:
!
! (YES)  freely customize to your own site
! (OK)  don't change unless you have a specific need and know what you
!         are doing
! (NO)  don't change this!
!
!
!
! parameters in the (YES) category:
!
consed.autoFinishMinNumberOfErrorsFixedByAnExp: 0.02
double
! if an experiment solves fewer errors than this, it isn't worth doing
! so won't be chosen.  This parameter controls when Autofinish stops
! choosing experiments.
! (YES)

consed.autoFinishRedundancy: 2.0
double
! This number should be between 1.0 and 2.0 If you want more reads
! for each area, increase the number towards 2.0  If you want fewer
! reads per area, decrease it towards 1.0.  This only affects
! universal primer reads--not custom primer reads.
!
! (YES)

consed.autoFinishAverageInsertSize: 1500
int
! If a template has a forward but no reverse, when deciding whether to
! allow this template for a particular primer or reverse, we need to
! make an assumption of where is the end of the template.  If we have
! do not have enough forward/reverse pairs to determine the mean, then
! this parameter is used.
! (YES)

consed.primersMaxInsertSizeOfASubclone: 3000
int
! check +/- this distance from the primer for false-annealing
! and check at most this distance for templates for a primer.
! Thus if you have more than one library, make this the max of
! all libraries.
! (YES)

consed.primersMaxMeltingTemp: 60
int
! (YES)

consed.primersMaxMeltingTempForPCR: 58
int
! Note:  the difference between consed.primersMaxMeltingTempForPCR and
! consed.primersMinMeltingTempForPCR must be less than or equal to
! consed.primersMaxMeltingTempDifferenceForPCR
! Otherwise, autofinish may take forever to pick pcr primers.
! (YES)

consed.primersPickTemplatesForPrimers: true
bool
! when picking primers for subclone templates, pick templates also.
! If there is no suitable template for a primer, do not pick the
! primer.  If you like to pick your own templates, you might want to
! turn this off for a little improvement in speed.
! This has no effect on Autofinish--just on interactive primer picking
! in Consed.
! (YES)

consed.primersSubcloneFullPathnameOfFileOfSequencesForScreening: $CONSED_HOME/lib/screenLibs/primerSubcloneScreen.seq
RWCString
! vector sequence file if choosing subclone (e.g., M13, plasmid)
! templates
! (YES)

consed.primersCloneFullPathnameOfFileOfSequencesForScreening: $CONSED_HOME/lib/screenLibs/primerCloneScreen.seq
RWCString
! vector sequence file if choosing clone (e.g., cosmid, BAC) template
! (YES)

consed.primersMinMeltingTemp: 55
int
! (YES)

consed.primersMinMeltingTempForPCR: 55
int
! (YES)

consed.searchFunctionsUseUnalignedEndsOfReads: false
bool
! when navigating by    
! searchForSingleSubcloneRegions and searchForSingleStrandedRegions,
! and the read below has both aligned and unaligned portions, which
! bases of the read are considered to cover the region:
!   uuuuuuuAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAuuuuuuuu
!   <--------- if "true" ------------------>
!          <-----if "false"-------->
! where u means an unaligned base and A means an aligned base
! (YES)

consed.searchFunctionsUseLowQualityEndsOfReads: true
bool
! when navigating by    
! searchForSingleSubcloneRegions and searchForSingleStrandedRegions,
! and the read below has both low quality and high quality portions,
! which portions of the read are considered to cover the region:
!   lllllllAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAllllllll
!   <--------- if "true" ------------------>
!          <-----if "false"-------->
! where l means a low quality base and A means a high quality base
! (YES)

consed.inexactSearchForStringMaxPerCentMismatch: 5
int
! when using the inexact search for string, allow up to this
! % mismatch:  the sum of the insertion, deletion, and substitution
! differences divided by the length of the query string
! (YES)

consed.onlyAllowOneReadWriteConsedAtATime: false
bool
! if there is another read-write consed (or Autofinish) process running in the
! same directory, and this consed (or Autofinish) is not read-only,
! then terminate with an error message
! (YES)

consed.autoFinishAllowHighQualityDiscrepanciesInTemplateIfConsistentForwardReversePair: true
bool
!  otherwise, a single serious hqd will cause the template to be rejected.
! (YES)


consed.printWindowCommand: /usr/bin/X11/xwd | /usr/bin/X11/xpr | /bin/lp -dlevulose
RWCString
! system command to print out a Consed Window
! (YES)

consed.fileOfTagTypes:
FileName
! pathname of a file with the following format:
! (tag name) (color for displaying) (consensus or read or both) (yes/no)
! where "consensus" or "read" or "both" indicates whether the tag
! is available for the user to add to the consensus, to reads, or to
! both, and "yes" or "no" indicates whether the tag can be created
! in Consed by swiping, or whether it only can be created by an
! external program and displayed by Consed.
! (YES)

consed.assemblyViewShowConsistentFwdRevPairs: false
bool
! too many squares!  See assemblyViewShowConsistentFwdRevPairDepth
! (YES)

consed.assemblyViewShowConsistentFwdRevPairDepth: true
bool
! This actually shows more information than  
! assemblyViewShowConsistentFwdRevPairs    and is much easier to read
! (YES)

consed.assemblyViewShowConsistentFwdRevPairsBetweenDifferentScaffolds: true
bool
! Lone links from the end of one contig to the end of another, but not
! confirmed by another in order to make the contigs joined into a scaffold.
! (YES)

consed.assemblyViewShowLegsOnSquaresForConsistentFwdRevPairs: false
bool
! This is even more cluttered than assemblyViewShowConsistentFwdRevPairs
! (YES)

consed.assemblyViewShowGapSpanningFwdRevPairs: true
bool
! This shows gap-spanning fwd/rev pairs that caused the contigs to
! be joined into a scaffold.
! (YES)

consed.assemblyViewShowWhichInconsistentFwdRevPairs: filtered
RWCString
! choices are: filtered, none, all
! "filtered" means that an inconsistent fwd/rev pair is only shown
! if it is confirmed by another inconsistent fwd/rev pair
! If all, full of red lines.  If filtered, then only red lines that are
! confirmed by other red lines are shown.
! (YES)

consed.assemblyViewShowReadDepth: true
bool
! If true, read depth is shown in assemblyView
! (YES)

consed.assemblyViewShowRestrictionDigestCutSites: true
bool
! If true, and you open a Digest Window in Consed and you open
! the Assembly View window in Consed, the restriction digest cut
! sites will be shown in Assembly View (in addition to showing them in 
! the Digest Window)
! (YES)

consed.assemblyViewFilterSequenceMatchesBySize: false
bool
! only show sequence matches if they fall between
! consed.assemblyViewSequenceMatchesMinSize and
! consed.assemblyViewSequenceMatchesMaxSize
! (YES)

consed.assemblyViewSequenceMatchesMinSize: 100
int
! if consed.assemblyViewFilterSequenceMatchesBySize is true,
! then only show sequence matches that are larger than this
! (YES)

consed.assemblyViewSequenceMatchesMaxSize: 10000
int
! if consed.assemblyViewFilterSequenceMatchesBySize is true,
! then only show sequence matches that are smaller than this
! (YES)

consed.assemblyViewAutomaticallyStartWithConsed: false
bool
! when consed starts, start assembly view.  This only works if you
! specify the ace file on the command line.
! (YES)

consed.assemblyViewDisplayTheseTagTypesOnTheseLines: edit 0 matchElsewhereHighQual 1 matchElsewhereLowQual 2
RWCString
! space-separated list of form:
! (tagtype) (line number) (tagtype) (line number)
! where line number is where in Assembly View the tag will be displayed
! (YES)

consed.assemblyViewShowTags: true
bool
! If true, and some tag types are selected, these tags
! will be shown in assemblyView.  If false, no tags
! will be shown in assemblyView.
! (YES)

consed.autoEditConvertCloneEndBasesToXs: true
bool
! If true, will convert to X's bases of all reads that protrude beyond a
! cloneEnd tag.
! (YES)

consed.autoEditTellPhrapNotToOverlapMultiplyDiscrepantReads: true
bool
! This will find all locations where there are multiple identical 
! discrepancies with the consensus (and some other conditions) and try
! to make most of the reads quality 99 at that location so that phrap,
! next time it is run, will not overlap those reads.  This will fix
! many misassemblies.
! (YES)

consed.autoEditTagEditableLowConsensusQualityRegions: true
bool
! This will find regions that are low quality, but that a human
! finisher could easily determine the correct base and thus
! money could be saved by not having Autofinish suggest additional
! reads overlapping the region
! (YES)

consed.showAllTracesJustShowGoodTraces: true
bool
! Just show traces where there is a base at the cursor and
! there is trace signal at the cursor and where 
! there is no "dataNeeded" tag at the cursor as specified by
! consed.showAllTracesDoNotShowTraceIfTheseTagsPresent
! (YES)

consed.addAlignedSequenceQualityOfBases: 40
int
! when running consed -addAlignedSequence, what quality should the
! bases be?
! (YES)


!
!
! parameters in the (OK) category:
!
!
!
consed.showAllTracesDoNotShowTraceIfTheseTagsPresent: dataNeeded    
RWCString
! See consed.showAllTracesJustShowGoodTraces 
! (OK)

consed.nameOfFakeJoiningReadsIncludesAceFileName: false
bool
! This is useful if the user is going to combine the reads
! from a number of different ace files together.  
! (OK)

consed.whenUserScrollsOffWindowMillisecondsBetweenScrolling: 250
int
! (OK)

consed.whenUserScrollsOffWindowBasesToScrollEachTime: 15
int
! (OK)

consed.compareContigsUseBandedRatherThanFullSmithWaterman: true
bool
! (OK)

consed.compareContigsBandSize: 50
int
! band size of banded Smith Waterman
! (OK)

consed.assemblyViewShowFwdRevPairDepthsInRedIfOnlyThisMany: 1
int
! (OK)

consed.assemblyViewShowSequenceMatches: true
bool
! When false, do not show any sequence matches (repeats) 
! at all in Assembly View.
! Some people like to start out this way since displaying sequence
! matches slows down scrolling.
! (OK)

consed.assemblyViewOKToShowSequenceMatchesBetweenContigs: true
bool
! (OK)

consed.assemblyViewOKToShowSequenceMatchesWithinContigs: true
bool
! (OK)

consed.assemblyViewOKToShowDirectSequenceMatches: true
bool
! This means in which neither copy must be complemented with respect
! to the way it is in the scaffold as created by Consed.
! (OK)

consed.assemblyViewOKToShowInvertedSequenceMatches: true
bool
! This means that exactly one copy must be complemented with respect
! to the way it is in the scaffold as created by Consed.
! (OK)

consed.assemblyViewOnlyShowSequenceMatchesToAParticularRegion: false
bool
! You must set consed.assemblyViewOnlyShowSequencematchesToThisContig
! consed.assemblyViewOnlyShowSequenceMatchesToThisRegionLeft
! consed.assemblyViewOnlyShowSequenceMatchesToThisRegionRight
! (OK)

consed.assemblyViewOnlyShowSequenceMatchesToThisContig:
RWCString
! You must make
! consed.assemblyViewOnlyShowSequenceMatchesToAParticularRegion: true
! (OK)

consed.assemblyViewOnlyShowSequenceMatchesToThisRegionLeft: 0
int
! consed.assemblyViewOnlyShowSequenceMatchesToAParticularRegion: true
! (OK)

consed.assemblyViewOnlyShowSequenceMatchesToThisRegionRight: 0
int
! consed.assemblyViewOnlyShowSequenceMatchesToAParticularRegion: true
! (OK)

consed.defaultReadPrefix: *
RWCString
! This is used as the character to prefix reads with when the 
! read is in consed.readPrefixesFile and the prefix is not specified.
! (OK)

consed.readPrefixesFile: readPrefixes.txt
FileName
! This file should contain a list of reads that you would want to 
! have prefixes in the Aligned Reads Window.  Each line should
! have the following format:
! (read name) (prefix) (color)
! The prefix and color are optional.  You can have a line like this:
! (read name) (prefix)
! or this:
! (read name)
! but not this:
! (read name) (color)
! If the color is not specified, the color will default to 
! consed.colorReadPrefixes: blue
! If the prefix is not specified, it will default to 
! (OK)

consed.maxCharsDisplayedForReadPrefix: 1
int
! It is still ok to have long read prefixes in the file
! consed.readPrefixesFile but only this many characters
! will be displayed in the Aligned Reads window
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishDoNotDoPCRIfThisManyAvailableGapSpanningTemplates: 2
int
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishDoNotDoUnorientedPCRIfThisManyOrMoreUnorientedPCRReactions: 6
int
! "unoriented" pcr reactions means cases in which autofinish is suggesting
! a pcr reaction to span a gap, but it doesn't know whether the 2 contig ends
! really go together since there are not enough (or no)templates that span 
! that gap 
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishMaxAcceptableErrorsPerMegabase: 0
int
! target error rate.  This parameter used to be the one that stopped
! Autofinish from calling more reads.  However, consider a BAC that is
! nearly perfect except for one region with 3 quality 10 bases in a
! row.  In this case the global errors per megabase is very
! low--perhaps lower than 1 error per megabase.  Despite this, most
! labs would like to do one more read to fix this problem.  Thus we
! set this parameter to zero (to disable it) so Autofinish will use
! the parameter consed.autoFinishMinNumberOfErrorsFixedByAnExp to stop
! calling more reads--it is a local error rate.
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishIfNotEnoughFwdRevPairsUseThisPerCentOfInsertSize: 90
int
! If a template has a forward but no reverse, when deciding whether to
! allow this template for a particular primer, we need to make an assumption
! of where is the end of the template.  If the template comes from a library
! with insert size 1500, it would be reasonable to assume that the end of
! template will be 1500 bases from the forward read.  But if this template
! has an insert that is shorter than average, the walk may walk into vector.
! To be conservative, we may want to assume that the insert is somewhat 
! shorter than average.  By default, we assume that it is 90% as large as 
! the average. This parameter gives that percentage.  This parameter
! is used both by Consed and Autofinish.
! (OK)

consed.primersNumberOfBasesToBackUpToStartLooking: 50
int
! e.g., if this is 50 and you want a read at position 1000, primers
! will be searched before base 950 but not in the region 950 to 1000
! This has no effect on Autofinish--just on interactively picking primers.
! (OK)

consed.primersMakePCRPrimersThisManyBasesBackFromEndOfHighQualitySegment: 100
int
! When a PCR product is made, you want it to overlap by this many bases
! the high quality part of the existing consensus.  Thus choose PCR
! primers this many bases back (or more)
! (OK)

consed.primersOKToChoosePrimersInSingleSubcloneRegion: true
bool
! (OK)

consed.primersOKToChoosePrimersWhereHighQualityDiscrepancies: false
bool
! (OK)

consed.primersOKToChoosePrimersWhereUnalignedHighQualityRegion: false
bool
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishCallReversesToFlankGaps: true
bool
! if there is a forward-reverse pair flanking a gap, print it out
! if there is not, suggest reverses to flank the gap
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishAllowWholeCloneReads: false
bool
! ok to call reads whose template for sequencing reaction is the
! entire clone (BAC or cosmid)
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishAllowCustomPrimerSubcloneReads: true
bool
! ok to call reads with custom primers and subclone template
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishAllowResequencingReads: true
bool
! This is just universal primer reads to be resequenced using
! dye terminator chemistry or special chemistry.  (It does not
! mean resequencing a custom primer read.)
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishAllowResequencingReadsOnlyForRunsAndStops: false
bool
! This parameter only has any effect when
! consed.autoFinishAllowResequencingReads is set to true.  In that
! case no resequencing reads will be suggested, unless it is to cross
! a run or stop and special chemistry is suggested.
! (OK)    

consed.autoFinishAllowDeNovoUniversalPrimerSubcloneReads: true
bool
! Allows calling reverse when there is just a forward.
! Allows calling a forward when there is just a reverse.
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishAllowMinilibraries: false
bool
! Allows calling minilibraries (shatter libraries or transposon
! libraries) of subclone templates for closing gaps
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishAllowPCR: true
bool
! Allows calling PCR for closing gaps, but only as a last resort
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishAllowUnorientedPCRReactions: true
bool
! Allows calling PCR amongst contig-ends that have insufficient
! fwd/rev pair linkage to any other contig-end.  Thus it suggests
! pcr amongst all such contig-ends.  
! To allow this type of pcr, you must also make:
! consed.autoFinishAllowPCRForUnorientedContigEnds: true
! See also:
! consed.autoFinishDoNotDoUnorientedPCRIfThisManyOrMoreUnorientedPCRReactions: 
! which gives you finer control over unoriented pcr.
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishAllowResequencingAUniversalPrimerAutofinishRead: false
bool
! if Autofinish suggests a de novo universal primer read,
! do not allow Autofinish to suggest a resequence of this read
! (OK)


consed.autoFinishAlwaysCloseGapsUsingMinilibraries: false
bool
! "Minilibraries" includes transposing a subclone template or
! making a shatter library from a subclone template
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishMaximumFinishingReadLength: 2000
int
! Change this only if your finishing reads are typically shorter
! than your shotgun reads.  Otherwise, leave it unrealistically long,
! and Autofinish will set its model read based on your existing
! shotgun reads.
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishSuggestMinilibraryIfGapThisManyBasesOrLarger: 800
int
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishSuggestSpecialChemistryForRunsAndStops: true
bool
! Suggest special chemistry such as dGTP for reads that cross
! mononucleotide or dinucleotide repeats that cause reads to fail or 
! stops (structure) that cause reads to fail and thus dye terminator
! reads won't work.
! (OK)


consed.autoFinishSuggestThisManyMinilibrariesPerGap: 2
int
! (OK)

consed.primersWindowSizeInLooking: 450
int
! e.g., if this is 300, with example above, primers will be searched
! from base 650 to 950.  This has no effect on Autofinish--it is just
! used for interactive primer picking in Consed.
! (OK)

consed.primersAssumeTemplatesAreDoubleStrandedUnlessSpecified: false
bool
! you can put the template type in the phd file in a WR template item
! consed will have a list of these and know which are single and
! double stranded
! (OK)

consed.alignedReadsWindowInitialCharsWide: 60
int
! initial width of the aligned reads window including the read name and 
! the bases
! (OK)

consed.alignedReadsWindowInitialCharsHigh: 20
int
! initial height of the aligned reads window area where the consensus
! and reads are
! (OK)

consed.alignedReadsWindowMaxCharsForReadNames: 20
int
! how many columns are reserved for read names
! (OK)

consed.alignedReadsWindowAutomaticallyExpandRoomForReadNames: true
bool
! If true, expand and contract space for read names, but don't
! contract less than consed.alignedReadsWindowMaxCharsForReadNames.
! If false, then always use
! consed.alignedReadsWindowMaxCharsForReadNames
! for space reserved for read names.
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishAllowResequencingReadsToExtendContigs: false
bool
! if false, a resequencing read is not called to extend a contig--only
! custom primer reads and de novo universal primer reads are called
! for this purpose.  
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishCallHowManyReversesToFlankGaps: 2
int
! This has two purposes: 1) it specifies how many forward/reverse
! pairs should be present for Consed/Autofinish to be certain of the
! order/ orientation of two contigs.  If there are this many fwd/rev
! pairs flanking a gap, Autofinish will print out the contig ends that
! flank the gap.  2) If consed.autoFinishCallReversesToFlankGaps is
! set to true, and there are less than this many fwd/rev pairs
! flanking a gap, Autofinish will suggest additional reverses until
! there are this many.
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishCloseGaps: true
bool
! this allows you to turn off choosing reads to close gaps
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishContinueEvenThoughReadInfoDoesNotMakeSense: false
bool
! this allows you to override the checks that autofinish makes on the
! read info, such as checking there are not more than 5 or so reads
! from the same subclone template
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishCostOfResequencingUniversalPrimerSubcloneReaction: 20.0
double
! compares universal primer subclone reaction, custom primer subclone 
! reaction, and custom primer clone reaction to decide which to favor
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishCostOfCustomPrimerSubcloneReaction: 60.0
double
! see above
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishCostOfCustomPrimerCloneReaction: 80.0
double
! see above 
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishCostOfDeNovoUniversalPrimerSubcloneReaction: 60.0
double
! cost of reverse where there is only a forward or cost of forward
! when there is only a reverse
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishCostOfMinilibrary: 500.0
double
! cost of making a minilibrary (transposon library or shatter library)
! from a subclone template
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishCoverSingleSubcloneRegions: true
bool
! this allows you to turn off choosing reads to cover single subclone regions
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishCoverLowConsensusQualityRegions: true
bool
! this allows you to turn off choosing reads to cover low consensus
! quality regions
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishDebugUniversalPrimerReadsFile: gordon_debug.txt
FileName
! for debugging Autofinish
! put a file with this name in the same directory as the ace file
! format:
! fcalld09 fwd
! fgj74f01 rev
! (template name) (fwd or rev)
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishDebugCustomPrimerReadsFile: debug_custom.txt
FileName
! for debugging Autofinish
! put a file with this name in the same directory as the ace file
! format:
! cgggacctgg
! (primer in 5' to 3' orientation)
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishDoNotAllowSubcloneCustomPrimerReadsCloserThanThisManyBases: 200
int
! see consed.autoFinishDoNotAllowSubcloneCustomPrimerReadsCloseTogether
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishDoNotAllowWholeCloneCustomPrimerReadsCloserThanThisManyBases: 300
int
! see consed.autoFinishDoNotAllowWholeCloneCustomPrimerReadsCloseTogether
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishDoNotFinishWhereTheseTagsAre: doNotFinish editable
RWCString
! list of tag types separated by spaces.  E.g.,
! doNotFinish repeat 
! tells autofinish that you are not interested in finishing in this region
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishDoNotExtendContigsWhereTheseTagsAre: doNotFinish
RWCString
! list of tag types separated by spaces.  E.g.,
! doNotFinish repeat
! tells autofinish that you do not want to extend the contig near this
! tag.  If you do not want this feature, just leave the list empty.
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishDoNotExtendContigsIfTagsAreThisCloseToContigEnd: 50
int
! Uses the list from consed.autoFinishDoNotExtendContigsWhereTheseTagsAre
! and checks if any of these tags are within this many bases of the end of 
! the contig.  If they are, does not extend the contig.
! (OK)

consed.dumpContigOrderAndOrientationInfoToThisFile:
FileName
! In the case of Consed (not autofinish or autoPCRAmplify), send the
! output to this file rather than stderr.  If this name is blank,    
! continue (in case of consed), to send output to stderr.
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishDumpTemplates: false
bool
! for debugging, this allows you to dump all information about the 
! templates--insert locations 
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishExcludeContigIfOnlyThisManyReadsOrLess: 10
int
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishExcludeContigIfDepthOfCoverageGreaterThanThis: 50.0
double
! To exclude contigs that are probably E. coli contamination
! "depth of coverage" is defined here to mean the sum of the read
! lengths (including low quality ends) divided by the contig length.
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishExcludeContigIfThisManyBasesOrLess: 1000
int
! consed.autoFinishExcludeContigIfTooShort must be set to true for
! this to have any effect
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishHowManyTemplatesYouIntendToUseForCustomPrimerSubcloneReactions: 3
int
! this tells autofinish which templates you are planning on using
! which is necessary to figure out which regions will still be single
! subclone regions
! (OK)


consed.primersMinNumberOfTemplatesForPrimers: 1
int
! if there are fewer templates than this, the primer is rejected

consed.autoFinishMinBaseOverlapBetweenAReadAndHighQualitySegmentOfConsensus: 70
int
! when extending the consensus, a read that is too far from the
! consensus will not be assembled by phrap with this contig and thus
! will not be useful for extending the consensus.  This gives the
! minimum overlap of a read with the high quality segment of the
! consensus.  As reads are picked, then additional reads may be picked
! further out.
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishNumberOfVectorBasesAtBeginningOfAUniveralPrimerRead: 40
int
! used to figure out where the beginning of a reverse will be.  Not
! important to be accurate because the insert size is so uncertain
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishCDNANotGenomic: false
bool
! If this is set to true, the whole clone is assumed to be cDNA and,
! rather than the normal method of detecting the end of the clone,
! Autofinish detects the end of the cDNA as follows:
! the user is expected to add whole read items of type 'template',
! with 'type: univ fwd' for the 5' end and 'type: univ rev' for the 3'
! end of the cDNA.  
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishConfidenceThatReadWillCoverSingleSubcloneRegion: 90
int
! Autofinish computes the per cent of existing reads are aligned at
! each base position.  Typically, this number starts at around 0% at
! base position 1, rises to close to 100% at around base position 300,
! and then drops again to 0% at base position 800 or so.  This number
! specifies how high the number must be for Autofinish to consider an
! Autofinish read to cover a single subclone region.
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishPrintForwardOrReverseStrandWhenPrintingSubcloneTemplatesForCustomPrimerReads: true
bool
! If this is true, then custom primer reads are printed out like this:
! tccagaaaactaattcaaaataatg,56,standard.2,->,2413,2413,3681,Contig1,9,djs74_690 (fwd),10,djs74_1803 (fwd),11,djs74_1861 (fwd)
! If this is false, then custom primer reads are printed out like this:
! tccagaaaactaattcaaaataatg,56,standard.2,->,2413,2413,3681,Contig1,9,djs74_690,10,djs74_1803,11,djs74_1861
! The difference is the (fwd) or (rev) that indicates which strand of
! the subclone template is to be used.  This is particularly important if
! you use M13 and thus must make the reverse strand.
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishPrintMinilibrariesSummaryFile: false
bool
! If this is true, Autofinish will print a file with name
! xxx.minilibraries just as it prints one as xxx.univReverses and
! xxx.univForwards
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishNearGapsSuggestEachMissingReadOfReadPairs: true
bool
! This is set to true to increase the chance of closing a gap.  For
! every subclone template that has just one universal primer read
! (either just a forward or just a reverse) that might protrude off
! the end of the contig, Autofinish suggests the universal primer read
! off the opposite end of the subclone template.
! If this parameter is set false, then
! Autofinish may still choose some of these reads, but it won't
! necessarily choose them all.
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishDoNotIgnoreLCQIfThisManyBasesFromEndOfContigForLCQTagger: 300
int
! Do not ignore low consensus quality bases if they are this many 
! bases from the end of the contig.    
! (OK)

consed.checkIfTooManyWalks: true
bool
! this just checks if the number of walks, pcr ends, and unknown reads
! exceeds 20% of the total number of reads.  If this is exceeded, then 
! a warning message is given.  Typically, such a warning indicates
! that you have incorrectly customized determineReadTypes.perl
! (OK)

consed.numberOfColumnsBeforeReadNameInAlignedReadsWindow: 1
int
! this is for displaying information about the whole read items, 
! both from PHD files and from a file

consed.compareContigsAlignsThisManyBasesMax: 2000
int
! (OK)

consed.compressedChromatExtension: .gz
RWCString
! (OK)

consed.dimLowQualityEndsOfReads: true
bool
!
! (OK)

consed.dimUnalignedEndsOfReads: false
bool
! (OK)

consed.fakeReadsSpecifiedByFilenameExtension: true
bool
! if this is true, then reads that end with .a[0-9]* or .c[0-9]* will
! be considered fake reads.  Otherwise, fake reads will be indicated
! by a WR item in the PHD file.
! (OK)

consed.fullPathnameOfAddReads2ConsedScript: $CONSED_HOME/bin/addReads2Consed.perl
FileName
! (OK)

consed.fullPathnameOfCrossMatch: $CONSED_HOME/bin/cross_match
FileName
! (OK)

consed.fullPathnameOfPhred: $CONSED_HOME/bin/phred
FileName
! (OK)

consed.fullPathnameOfMiniassemblyScript: $CONSED_HOME/bin/phredPhrap
FileName
! If you are up-to-date with phredPhrap, this script serves both
! the purpose of assemblying the entire project, as well as making
! miniassemblies.  The difference is whether phredPhrap has the
! -include_chromats option.
! (OK)

consed.gunzipFullPath: /usr/local/bin/gunzip
RWCString
! (OK)

consed.hideSomeTagTypesAtStartup: false
bool
! (OK)

consed.maximumNumberOfTracesShown: 4
int
! (OK)

consed.navigateAutomaticTracePopup: false
bool
! (OK)

consed.navigateAutomaticAllTracesPopup: false
bool
! (OK)

consed.primersMinimumLengthOfAPrimer: 15
int
! (OK)

consed.primersMaximumLengthOfAPrimer: 25
int
! (OK)

consed.primersMinimumLengthOfAPrimerForPCR: 18
int
! (OK)

consed.primersMaximumLengthOfAPrimerForPCR: 30
int
! (OK)

consed.primersMaxMeltingTempDifferenceForPCR: 3.0
double
! how large can the difference of melting temperatures be between
! two primers of a PCR primer pair
! (OK)

consed.primersMaxPCRPrimerPairsToDisplay: 100000
int
! there is a limit here, because there could possibly be millions
! (OK)

consed.primersCheckJustSomePCRPrimerPairsRatherThanAll: true
bool
! If there are 1000 1st primers, and 1000 2nd primers, that gives
! a million pairs for Consed to check, which takes a long time.  So
! instead, just check some of the pairs
! (OK)

consed.primersNumberOfTemplatesToDisplayInFront: 2
int
! this shows the number of templates to show in the interactive primer
! picking window
! (OK)

consed.primersMaxLengthOfMononucleotideRepeat: 4
int
! (OK)

consed.primersBadLibrariesFile: badLibraries.txt
FileName
! file of libraries, one per line
! If any template is from any one of these libraries, then
! consed/autofinish will not use this template for walking or
! suggesting any universal primer reads
! (OK)

consed.primersLibrariesInfoFile: librariesInfo.txt
FileName
! file of libraries, with one entry for each library of the following
! format:
! LIB{
! name: library1
! avgInsertSize: 3000
! maxInsertSize: 5000
! stranded: single
! cost: 600.0
! }
! (OK)

consed.primersBadTemplatesFile: badTemplates.txt
FileName
! file of templates that you've tried, don't work, and you don't want to try
! again
! (OK)

consed.primersChooseTemplatesByPositionInsteadOfQuality: true
bool
! Templates for subclone custom primer walks can be chosen either on
! the basis of the quality of the template (as determined by the quality 
! of existing reads from that template) or by the location of the end of 
! the template.  If this parameter is false, templates will be chosen
! based solely on quality.  If this parameter is true, then templates
! with forward/reverse pairs will be picked first, followed by templates 
! that have the beginning of the insert closest to the primer.
! (OK)

consed.primersWhenChoosingATemplateMinPotentialReadLength: 350
int
! when choosing templates for a custom primer, only choose a template
! if the read can be chosen at least this long
! (OK)

consed.primersWindowSizeInLookingForPCR: 2000
int
! will look this many bases back from the pointer when looking for a PCR
! primer.  Used both interactively and for Autofinish (see
! getUnpaddedRangeForMakingPCRPrimers )
! (OK)

consed.qualityThresholdForFindingHighQualityDiscrepancies: 40
int
! (OK)

consed.defaultVectorPathnameForRestrictionFragments: $CONSED_HOME/lib/screenLibs/singleVectorForRestrictionDigest.fasta
FileName
! If you want to have the vector cut with the restriction
! enzymes, put the vector sequence in a file in fasta format
! and put a pathname to it here.
! (OK)

consed.fileOfAdditionalRestrictionEnzymes: 
FileName
! If you want a restriction enzyme that is not in the huge list
! that comes with Consed, you can put additional enzymes in a file
! and put the full pathname of that file here.  The file must be in
! the form:
! AatI AGGCCT
! where AatI is the name of the enzyme and AGGCCT is the recognized
! sequence.  Do not include the cut site or any other information.
! There must be a single space separating them.
! (OK)

consed.commonRestrictionEnzymes: BglII EcoRV NsiI HindIII BamHI XhoI PstI
RWCString
! a space-separated list of enzymes.  Make sure they match precisely
! those that are either defaults or in the file indicated by
! consed.fileOfAdditionalRestrictionEnzymes
! (OK)

consed.defaultSelectedRestrictionEnzymes: EcoRV HindIII
RWCString
! a space-separated list of enzymes that will initially be
! selected when the user pops open the list of restriction enzymes.
! Currently these must be from among the consed.commonRestrictionEnzymes
! (OK)

consed.restrictionEnzymesActualFragmentsFile: fragSizes.txt
FileName
! format like this:
! >EcoRV
! 2385
! 2489
! -1
! >XhoIII
! 259
! 3843
! -1
! (OK)

consed.restrictionDigestInitialWindowSizeInTextRows: 45
int
! (OK)

consed.restrictionDigestDoNoShowAreaOfFragmentsOverThisSize: 50000
int
! In the picture of the real and in-silico 
! (OK)

consed.showReadsAlphabetically: false
bool
! (OK)

consed.showReadsInAlignedReadsWindowOrderedByFile: false
bool
! There are now 3 different ways to sort the reads in the Aligned
! Reads Window (top to bottom):  
! 1) alphabetically in which case you should set:
!    consed.showReadsAlphabetically: true    
!    consed.showReadsInAlignedReadsWindowOrderedByFile: false
! 2) by the left end of the reads in which case you should set:
!    consed.showReadsAlphabetically: false
!    consed.showReadsInAlignedReadsWindowOrderedByFile: false
! 3) by a file that specifies the order of the reads in which case you
!    should set:
!    consed.showReadsAlphabetically: false
!    consed.showReadsInAlignedReadsWindowOrderedByFile: true
! It is an error to set:            
!    consed.showReadsAlphabetically: true
!    consed.showReadsInAlignedReadsWindowOrderedByFile: true
! (OK)

consed.showReadsInAlignedReadsWindowOrderedByThisFile: readOrder.txt
FileName
! This file has one read name per line.  Wildcards ('*') are allowed.
! E.g.,
! ABX*
! myFavoriteRead.scf
! *.abi
! This means that all reads that start with ABX* will come first,
! followed by the single read myFavoriteRead.scf and then reads that end 
! with .abi   A read that doesn't meet any of these criteria (e.g.,
! rs10469282 ) comes last.    
! (OK)

consed.showABIBasesInTraceWindow: false
bool
! (OK)

consed.tracesWindowInitialPixelHeight: 50
int
! (OK)

consed.assemblyViewWindowInitialPixelHeight: 500
int
! (OK)


consed.assemblyViewFileOfTemplatesToNotShow: doNotShowInAssemblyView.fof
FileName
! (OK)

consed.assemblyViewCrossMatchMinmatch: 30
int
! value of -minmatch to be passed to crossmatch
! (OK)

consed.assemblyViewCrossMatchMinscore: 60
int
! value of -minscore to be passed to crossmatch
! (OK)

consed.assemblyViewFindSequenceMatchesForConsedScript: $CONSED_HOME/bin/findSequenceMatchesForConsed.perl
FileName
! script that generates the file that is used by Assembly View to
! show sequence matches    
! (OK)

consed.assemblyViewCrossmatchMinmatch: 50
int
! default value of -minmatch for running crossmatch with 
! findSequenceMatchesForConsed.perl
! (OK)

consed.assemblyViewCrossmatchMinscore: 50
int
! default value of -minscore for running crossmatch with
! findSequenceMatchesForConsed.perl
! (OK)

consed.assemblyViewSequenceMatchesMinimumSimilarity: 90
int
! only show sequence matches if their simlarity is at least this
! value.  This can be changed by the user within consed/assembly view/
! by clicking on "What to show/Sequence Matches"
! (OK)

consed.tracesWindowInitialPixelWidth: 800
int
! (OK)

consed.assemblyViewWindowInitialPixelWidth: 800
int
! (OK)

consed.automaticallyScaleTraces: true
bool
! (OK)

consed.automaticallyScaleTracesSamplePeakHeightFractionOfWindowHeight: 0.99
double
! (OK)

consed.automaticallyScaleTracesSamplePeakPercentile: 100
int
! (OK)

consed.verticalTraceMagnification: 30
int
! (OK)

consed.userDefinedKeys: 14 15
RWCString
! make a space-separated list of the decimal ASCII values of the keys
! 14 means control-N, 15 means control-O
! (OK)

consed.programsForUserDefinedKeys: /bin/echo /bin/echo
RWCString
! a space-separated list of the full pathnames of the commands to run
! This goes with consed.userDefinedKeys
! (OK)

consed.argumentsToPassToUserDefinedPrograms: argument_for_first_key argument_for_second_key
RWCString
! a space-separated list of the arguments to pass to the user-defined programs
! This goes with consed.userDefinedKeys
! (OK)

consed.tagsToApplyWithUserDefinedKeys: none polymorphismConfirmed
RWCString
! a space-separate list of the tag types to apply when the user
! presses a user-defined key.  If a key is to have no associated tag,
! then enter "none" for that key.
! This goes with consed.userDefinedKeys
! (OK)





consed.listOfTagTypesToHide: matchElsewhereHighQual matchElsewhereLowQual
RWCString
! (OK)

consed.listOfOptionalWordsToSaveInListOfReadNames: forward reverse ET BigDye customOligo SeqEx FS dyePrimer dyeTerminator doubleStranded singleStranded
RWCString
! (OK)

consed.extendConsensusWithHighQuality: false
bool
! When using "change consensus" to extend the consensus, make the
! read edited high quality.  This will cause phrap, the next time
! the project is assembled, to similarly extend the consensus.  If
! this is set to false, then do not change the quality of the read and 
! extend the consensus with the original read qualities.  
! (OK)

consed.fastStartup: true
bool
! If you have used catPhdFiles.perl to create a huge file with all the
! xxx.phd.1 files, and you have enough memory on your computer, then
! you can startup up consed up to 7 times faster
! (OK)

consed.fastStartupFile: phd.ball
FileName
! If you have used catPhdFiles.perl to create a huge file with all the
! xxx.phd.1 files, and you have enough memory on your computer, then
! you can startup up consed up to 7 times faster.  This file gives
! the name of the huge file.
! (OK)

consed.alwaysRunProgramToGetChromats: false
bool
! This allows consed to get chromats out of a database, or do some
! other pre-processing of a chromat before reading it. If set to true,
! consed does not look in ../chromat_dir at all for the chromat, but
! rather runs the program listed in consed.programToRunToGetChromats
! with argument name-of-read and then reads the chromat out of
! consed.uncompressedChromatDirectory and then later deletes the
! chromat from consed.uncompressedChromatDirectory
! (OK)

consed.programToRunToGetChromats: /usr/local/bin/myFavoriteProgram
FileName
! Set this to the program or script that you want to use to
! get a chromat and put it into /tmp (or whatever you set
! consed.uncompressedChromatDirectory to)
! (OK)

consed.autoFinishUseLongModelReadRatherThanShort: false
bool
! When calculating the distribution of quality values at high read 
! positions, should Autofinish assume that the reads that were this
! long and longer are representative of finishing reads, or should it
! assume that some finishing will not make it out this far in roughly
! the same proportion as the existing reads.
! (OK)


consed.askAgainIfWantToQuitConsedIfThisManyReads: 5000
int
! If you have to wait a long time for consed to come up, don't
! quit out of consed by mistake.
! (OK)

consed.printWindowInstructions: Make sure that the window you want to print is unobscured.  Then click "Yes" to dismiss this box.  Then click on the window you want to print.  You will hear a beep immediately, then another beep a little later.  Then the copy of the window should come off the printer specified by your environment variable LPDEST.
RWCString
! (OK)

consed.allowMultipleSearchForStringWindows: false
bool
! If this is false, and there is already a SearchForString Window up,
! and the user clicks on SearchForString, it will be brought to the 
! front, rather than another one being created.        
! (OK)

consed.autoPCRAmplifyFalseProductsOKIfLargerThanThis: 3000
int
! If a pcr primer pair matches somewhere else and creates a product
! larger than this, the pcr primer pair will still be acceptable
! since the product will not easily form in the cycle time.
! (OK)

consed.autoPCRAmplifyMakePrimerOutOfFirstRegion: false
bool
! I don't expect people will use this.  It allows you to amplify a
! region using autoPCRAmplify not by allowing Consed to choose each
! primer (the normal case) but rather by fixing the first primer to be
! the first area bordering the region.  I added this to allow
! non-specific priming to the transplice leader.
! (OK)

consed.autoPCRAmplifyMaybeRejectPrimerIfThisCloseToDesiredProduct: 5000
int
! --->    --->
! false   true match
! In such a case, the primer pair will be rejected if the false is
! within 5000 bases of true, even if false is a false match of the
! other primer.
!
! <---   --->
! false  true match
! In this case, the primer pair will not be eliminated.
! (OK)


consed.addNewReadsRecalculateConsensusQuality: true
bool
! When running consed by 
! consed -ace old_ace.ace -addReads fileOfPhdFiles.txt -newAceFilename new_ace.ace
! consensus quality is recalculated
! (OK)

consed.addNewReadsPutReadIntoItsOwnContig: ifUnaligned
RWCString
! choices are: 
! "always" (just put each read into its own contig)
! "ifUnaligned" (put read into a contig if it aligns against the
!    consensus, otherwise put it into its own contig)
! "never" (put read into a contig if it aligns against the consensus;
!    otherwise do not put it into the assembly)    
! (OK)

consed.assemblyViewNumberOfRowsOfTags: 4
int
! (OK)


!
!
!
! parameters in the (NO) category
!
!
consed.autoFinishEmulate9_66Behavior: false
bool
! Picks univ primer reads and walks in the same phase.  This results
! in poor redundancy of universal primer reads, may pick custom primer
! reads over universal primer reads, but may pick fewer
! reads overall.
! (NO)

consed.primersPCRPrimersGroupedIntoWindowOfThisManyBases: 200
int
! to speed up PCR primer picking and to reduce the number of 
! PCR primer pairs, group primers into windows of this size
! and then just compare window against window
! (NO)

consed.primersLookForThisManyPCRPrimerPairsPerPairOfGroups: 2
int
! to speed up PCR primer picking and to reduce the number of PCr
! primer pairs, group primers into windows and then just accept
! this many primer pairs from a pair of groups
! (NO)

consed.autoFinishStandardDeviationsFromMeanFromGapToLookForTemplatesForSuggestingEachMissingReadOfReadPairs: -1.0
double
! Only applies when consed.autoFinishNearGapsSuggestEachMissingReadOfReadPairs:
! is set to true.  If m is the mean insert size and d is the standard
! deviation and this parameter is p, then consider all templates
! within a distance m + p*d from the gap.
! (NO)

consed.autoFinishCheckThatReadsFromTheSameTemplateAreConsistent: true
bool
! I strongly advise keeping this true.  If you change it to false, you
! are on your own.  If the forward and reverse universal primer reads
! look like this:   <---               ---->, how is autofinish going
! to even know where the template is, huh?  Leave it true!
! (NO)

consed.autoFinishDoNotAllowSubcloneCustomPrimerReadsCloseTogether: true
bool
! at higher redundancy, autofinish may pick custom primer reactions
! that are only a few bases apart on the same strand.  This parameter,
! along with
! consed.autoFinishDoNotAllowSubcloneCustomPrimerReadsCloserThanThisManyBases,
! says how far apart they can be
! (NO)

consed.autoFinishDoNotAllowWholeCloneCustomPrimerReadsCloseTogether: true
bool
! Even at redundancy 1, Autofinish may pick whole clone reads just
! a few bases apart.  This prevents it.
! (NO)

consed.autoFinishMinilibrariesPreferTemplateIfSizeThisManyStdDevsFromMean: 2.0
double
! If a template is more than this many standard deviations from the
! mean, try to avoid using it, unless there is nothing else.
! Rationale: there is something wrong with this template--an insertion
! or deletion.
! (NO)

consed.autoFinishMinNumberOfForwardReversePairsInLibraryToCalculateAverageInsertSize: 5
int
! If there are at least this many fwd/rev pairs in a library, then 
! the mean and standard deviation are used for sizing other templates in
! the same library.  If there are fewer than this, then the default size 
! specified in the librariesInfo.txt file is used.
! (NO)

consed.autoFinishIfEnoughFwdRevPairsUseThisManyStdDevBelowMeanForInsertSize: 0.2
double
! If you are interested in walking on a template that does not have a
! forward/reverse pair, then the precise insert size is uncertain.  If
! this template comes from a library that has lots of templates with
! forward/reverse pairs, then the mean and standard deviation of the
! insert sizes from this library is known.  For the template in
! question, we could just use the mean of this library (this parameter =
! 0.0), but we could be conservative and assume the insert size is
! somewhat less.  This parameter tells how much less.
! (NO)

consed.autoFinishNewCustomPrimerReadThisFarFromOldCustomPrimerRead: 50
int
! this tells autofinish when it wants to make a new custom primer
! read, how far this read must be from any previous custom primer
! reads on the same strand
! (NO)

consed.autoFinishMinNumberOfSingleSubcloneBasesFixedByAnExp: 1
int
! if an experiment will only fix less than this number of single
! subclone bases, don't do it even if the total number of single
! subclone bases in the contig is too high
! (NO)

consed.autoFinishNumberOfBasesBetweenContigsAssumed: 1000
int
! gap size--each base in the gap counts as 1 error so autofinish tries
! to extend into gaps
! (NO)

consed.autoFinishPotentialHighQualityPartOfReadStart: 80
int
! nReadUnpaddedConsPosStart + nAutoFinishPotentialHighQualityPartOfReadStart_
! == nReadUnpaddedConsPosStartOfPotentialHighQuality
! this is used to evaluate the quality of templates
! this no longer has much effect on the reads autofinish chooses
! (NO)

consed.autoFinishPotentialHighQualityPartOfReadEnd: 300
int
! nReadUnpaddedConsPosStart + nAutoFinishPotentialHighQualityPartOfReadEnd_
! == nReadUnpaddedConsPosEndOfPotentialHighQuality
! this is used to evaluate the quality of templates
! this no longer has much effect on the reads autofinish chooses
! (NO)

consed.autoFinishPrintCustomNavigationFileForChosenReads: true
bool
! If this is true, then autofinish will print a file of the chosen reads
! in the format for consed to navigate (prev and next) to each
! location of the proposed new reads
! (NO)

consed.autoFinishReversesForFlankingGapsTemplateMustProtrudeFromContigThisMuch: 100
int
! Normal case:
! --------------------------- (consensus)
!                  ----------- template1
!                     ----------- template2
!                          ----------- template3
! Then you probably would want to use template3 since a reverse is
! most likely to go in the other contig rather than go into gap.
! But suppose that template2 and template3 don't exist.  Would you
! want to use template1?  This parameter tells Autofinish whether you
! would want to use it, or pick no reverse at all.
! (NO)

consed.autoFinishTagOligosWhenDoExperiments: true
bool
! when autofinish is run with -doExperiments, tags the oligos
! it chooses
! (NO)

consed.countPads: false
bool
! (NO)

consed.debugging: 0
int
! for consed development use
! (NO)

consed.ignoreHighQualityDiscrepanciesThisManyBasesFromEndOfAlignedRegion: 5
int
consed.ignoreUnalignedHighQualitySegmentsShorterThanThis: 20
int
! (NO)

consed.primersLookThisFarForForwardVectorInsertJunction: 125
int
! don't change this--if no X's this far from beginning of read, then
! assume that you are in insert
! (NO)

consed.primersDNAConcentrationNanomolar: 50.0
double
! used for melting temperature--don't change this!
! (NO)

consed.primersMaxMatchElsewhereScore: 17
int
! used for testing false-annealing to template and to vector
! (NO)

consed.primersMaxMatchElsewhereScoreForPCR: 21
int
! used for testing false-annealing to template and to vector
! when used with PCR
! (NO)

consed.primersMaxSelfMatchScore: 6
int
! cutoff for self-annealing of a primer
! (NO)

consed.primersMaxPrimerDimerScoreForPCR: 14
int
! careful changing this
! (NO)

consed.primersMinQuality: 30
int
! you must be sure of the sequence of a primer or it won't anneal to
! where you want
! (NO)

consed.primersPrintInfoOnRejectedTemplates: true
bool
! whether to print which templates were rejected and why (this output
! can be large )
! (NO)

consed.primersSaltConcentrationMillimolar: 50.0
double
! used for melting temperature--don't change this!
! (NO)

consed.primersScreenForVector: true
bool
! whether or not to screen primers for annealing to vector
! (NO)

consed.primersToleranceForDifferentBeginningLocationOfUniversalPrimerReads: 100
int
! different forward reads or different reverse reads 
! can differ by up to this amount in the starting location
! If they differ by more, then there is something wrong
! with the template (it is mislabeled?) so don't use it again for
! walking
! (NO)

consed.primersTooManyVectorBasesInWalkingRead: 10
int
! if there are this many x's, then don't walk again on this template
! (NO)

consed.qualityThresholdForLowConsensusQuality: 25
int
! (NO)

consed.tagColorPerCentOfBase: 50
int
! (NO)

consed.uncompressedChromatDirectory: /tmp
RWCString
! (NO)

consed.whenMakingFakeReadToJoinContigsAddThisManyBasesOnEitherSideOfAlignedRegion: 200
int
! (NO)

consed.writeThisAceFormat: 2
int
! (NO)

consed.dumpCoreIfBoundsError: false
bool
! (NO)


consed.autoFinishMinSmithWatermanScoreOfARun: 20
int
! (NO) 

consed.autoFinishDoNotComparePCRPrimersMoreThanThisManyTimes: 1.0e+9
double
! When autofinish tries to find a compatible set of pcr primers, it
! can take billions of tries.  This limits the number of tries so that,
! if autofinish can't find it in this number of tries, it gives up
! rather than running for days, weeks, years!
! (NO)

consed.restrictionDigestMaximumBasesToCompareToVector: 200
int
! (NO)

consed.restrictionDigestZoomFactor: 2.0
double
! Amount to zoom in or out in the gel window of the restriction digest
! (NO)

consed.restrictionDigestZoomFactorForNavigate: 10.0
double
! When looking at restriction gel and navigating to first problem
! location, this is the amount to zoom in.
! (NO)

consed.restrictionDigestToleranceInPositionUnits: 20
int
! (NO)

consed.autoPCRAmplifyTooManySeriousFalseMatches: 100
int
! If a pcr primer pair has a significant false match to this many
! other places in the assembly, do not consider for possible pcr
! primer pairs.  This is just for the purpose of speeding up picking
! of primer pairs--the higher the number, the faster the searching,
! but the more likely a primer pair will be selected that will
! create multiple products.
! (NO)

consed.assemblyViewZoomFactor: 1.5
double
! amount to zoom in or out
! (NO)

consed.assemblyViewFilterInconsistentFwdRevPairsIfThisClose: 2000
int
! If forward/reverse pairs start this close together and end this
! close together, they confirm each other.
! (NO)

consed.assemblyViewGridCellWidthInPixels: 4.0
double
! for keeping track where objects are on screen.  If you make it
! larger, you get better drawing performance, but lower resolution
! of which objects the cursor is pointing at
! (NO)

consed.assemblyViewCursorSensitivityInPixels: 4
int
! square about cursor that will detect objects
! (NO) 

consed.assemblyViewReadDepthQuality: 20
int
! (NO)

consed.showAllTracesMaxNumberOfTracesToShowAtOnce: 100
int
! (NO)

consed.allowFwdRevPairScaffoldsToBeMergedIfThisManyBasesIntersectionOrLess: 1000
int
! (NO)
 


 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

ACE FILE FORMAT

Refer to the accompanying sample_ace_file.txt (below)

AS <number of contigs> <total number of reads in ace file>

CO <contig name> <# of bases> <# of reads in contig> <# of base segments in contig> <U or C>

This defines the contig.  The U or C indicates whether the contig has
been complemented from the way phrap originally created it.  Thus this
is always U for an ace file created by phrap.

The contig sequence follows.  It includes pads--"*" characters which
are inserted by phrap in order to make room for some read that has an
extra base at that position.  (Note: any position which counts the *'s is
referred to as a "padded position".  A position that does not count
*'s is referred to as "unpadded position".)

BQ

This starts the list of base qualities for the unpadded consensus
bases.  (NB: annoyingly, no qualities are given for *'s in the
consensus.)  The contig is the one from the previous CO, hence no name
is needed here.


AF <read name> <C or U> <padded start consensus position>

This defines the location of the read within the contig.
C or U means complemented or uncomplemented.  
<padded start consensus position> means the position of the
beginning of the read, in terms of consensus bases which start at 1
and do count *'s.  

BS <padded start consensus position> <padded end consensus position> <read name>

The BS line (base segment) indicates which read phrap has chosen to be
the consensus at a particular position.

If you are writing the ace file from an assembler other than phrap,
and since most assemblers do not compute the consensus this way, you
still must write BS lines for Consed's benefit.  In this case, I
suggest you choose any read which matches the consensus perfectly over
the stretch of bases.  There must not be any two BS lines that
intersect.  Each unpadded base must be included in some BS line.

RD <read name> <# of padded bases> <# of whole read info items> <# of read tags>
Below RD is the sequence of bases for the read.  The sequence includes
*'s and is in the orientation that phrap needed to align it against
the consensus (thus it might be complemented from the direction it was
sequenced).  

QA <qual clipping start> <qual clipping end> <align clipping start> <align clipping end>

This line indicates which part of the read is the high quality segment
(if there is any) and which part of the read is aligned against the
consensus.  These positions are offsets (and count *'s) from the left
end of the read (left, as shown in Consed).  Hence for bottom strand
reads, the offsets are from the end of the read.  The offsets are
1-based.  That is, if the left-most base is in the aligned,
high-quality region, <qual clipping start> = 1 and <align clipping
start> = 1 (not zero).  If the entire read is low quality, then <qual
clipping start> and <qual clipping end> will both be -1.

DS CHROMAT_FILE: <name of chromat file> PHD_FILE: <name of phd file> TIME: <date/time of the phd file> CHEM: <prim, term, unknown, etc> DYE: <usually ET, big, etc> TEMPLATE: <template name> DIRECTION: <fwd or rev>

This line must contain information that matches the phd file.  If you
are writing an ace file, pay particular attention to this line.  Make
sure that Consed can read your ace file without reporting any errors.

There can be additional information on this line.
This replaces the DESCRIPTION line from the old ace file.

The following is for transient read tags (those generated by
crossmatch and phrap).  They are not fully implemented, and the format
may eventually change.  The read is implied by the location of the
whole read info item within the ace file.  They are found after the DS
line for a read.

RT{
<read name> <tag type> <what program created tag> <padded read pos start> <padded read pos end> <date when tag was created in form YYMMDD:HHMISS>
}

for example:

RT{
djs14_680.s1 matchElsewhereLowQual phrap 904 933 990823:114356
}

There are consensus tags now in the ace file.  All consensus tags have
the following format:

CT{
<contig name> <tag type> <what program created tag> <padded cons pos start> <padded cons pos end> <date when tag was created in form YYMMDD> <NoTrans>
(possibly additional information)
}

The NoTrans is optional--it indicates that, when you reassemble, this
tag should not be transferred to the new assembly.  This is true with
tags that should be recreated each time because they have to do with
the assembly (e.g., repeat tags).

e.g.,

CT{
Contig206 repeat tagRepeats.perl 118732 119060 990823:115033 NoTrans
AluY
}
 
In the case of most consensus tag types, there is only 1 line for the
consensus tag.  In the case of comment tags and oligo tags, there are
additional lines of information.  The comment tag includes the comment
on the additional lines.  The oligo tag has the following information:
<oligo name> <oligo bases from 5' to 3'> <melting temp> <C or U
indicating whether the oligo is top strand or bottom strand relative
to the orientation of the contig as created by phrap>

WA{
<tag type> <what program created tag> <date tag was created in form YYMMDD:HHMISS>
1 or more lines of data
}

This line is a 'whole assembly' tag.  It is used for information
referring to the assembly as a whole.  Currently, phrap puts its
version and phrap command line options in a WA tag.

You can append CT, WA, and RT tags to the end of the ace file in any
order you like.


Sample Ace File:

AS 1 8

CO Contig1 1475 8 156 U
agccccgggccgtggggttccttgagcactcccaaagttccaacccagga
tgtccccgacgcttaaaccttccaagtctgaaacgggaaatttgatttgc
gggctaggataaacgccggggagaaaggcagaactgccttttacccccca
aggatatcccttgggaagggcccctttgcactcagctgctccctaattat
ggcgatcctccctctatctttgtccccctgtctttcaggatccctctcAA
CAACAgaccaCTCccattaaaGAAATCtccttctgatctgcgggatcACA
TAAAACAGTGCCattcAAaAcgtcccttcCcccAATGTCtaagtgTggtg
gagcCcttcctgcCCggctctgtgcacccacggtgcctgcatgaccccgg
atGCAGTGTGCACCAGctCCCATCATTCAAgagCATGACTGTGTTGCCAA
CCAGCcacCAGGCACTGGGGAGGGAGCtgaGGGAGCAcaaAAGGGATGAG
CCACCCTCTGTcCcagAAGTGGAGGGCATGGGGCTTGGCTGGGCTTAGAG
CTAACATACACAGGATGCTGAAAAAGAACAACACAAggtGTGTGGAGCAA
AGGAAAGGGAAATCAGCTTGAAGCTGATGTTAGTGTGCTTGGGCTGAGTA
CAGCCATGCTCTCAGTTGAGGCACGGTTGGCTCCCCATGGGCAAGATCCC
TCCTGGCCCATCTCTCCTCTTATTCTCTATCCCTTCCCCAGGTCCCTGCC
TTAGAGGTTTCACCAGAGCACAGCTCCTGCCTGTGGCCAAAACAGTATTT
GGCCACTCACCGACCCAGTGTCAGC*ATCCAGATGGGTTCCACATCTCAC
AACCCT*GAGCAGCAGAGAAGGGTTTGAAAGGCCAGGGGAG*AATGAAGA
CGAAGGAGG*TGTTGGCAACAACACAGA*G*AGTCAGCAGCCAGAACGCC
AGGTATCCACACACATAAGACATTCTAAATTTTTACTCAACAGAAATTGT
CTATGTCTGTGTCTGGGCACCATGGCAACACCTTATCTCTACAAAAATTA
GCGGAATGTAGTGGTGCCTGTGTGTAGTCCCAGCTATTCAAGAGGCTGAA
GTGGGAGGATTGCTTGAGCCATGGAAGTCAAGGCTGTAGTGAGCCATGAT
TGTGTCAATGCACTCCAGACAGAGCAAGACCCTGCTCCCACCACACACCT
CaaacgaaAAAAAAaaagggcaaagatatgaactgaaatggaatatag*a
gcagcaaaaggaacagaaaattgtctatgcctggttctctagtcatgtgc
agaacagacagtatcccggccctattgagttcttggggcagttaggcttg
tgcacccttgcttctatgccacagttagggcattcgggattcccatcctt
ttccccggggttgctttttgtttgcgattaccttttcggaacaatggggg
gaaattattttccaagttgggtttg


BQ
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 22
 23 26 24 25 25 17 17 13 14 19 21 22 22 17 17 11 8 7 10 13 18 23 28 28 31 31 32 18 18 10 10 10 12 15 8 6 6 8 8 10 15 9 11 12 15 14 15 20 20 28
 30 31 24 24 22 24 25 28 23 27 24 27 18 15 15 16 21 23 18 20 13 8 7 7 12 10 9 10 10 21 12 14 14 28 27 32 24 23 20 19 15 17 15 17 19 20 13 13 13 14
 14 10 10 10 23 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 18 25 24 10 10 10 10 10 14 10 11 11 11 13 12 12 10 12 10 10 10 10 10 10 14 10 12 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 14 13 15 15
 17 19 24 32 37 37 37 37 32 30 30 30 28 23 23 25 15 15 20 27 32 23 22 22 27 32 34 34 21 21 12 12 12 24 32 41 45 45 37 45 45 45 45 45 37 37 37 41 41 37
 37 37 41 32 32 14 14 19 32 28 37 37 41 41 45 45 37 37 37 30 30 32 32 37 37 32 28 16 16 17 32 32 37 45 37 25 25 9 9 9 25 25 37 37 37 37 37 45 40 37
 37 37 45 45 37 37 37 37 38 25 25 12 25 10 10 15 32 47 52 62 62 55 43 43 34 43 43 58 58 78 77 72 72 70 70 70 74 77 69 68 55 55 55 57 61 65 70 73 68 61
 64 58 56 56 64 65 67 70 70 75 79 70 70 70 70 70 70 67 71 71 71 84 63 63 62 62 62 59 59 61 61 64 64 49 42 32 10 6 18 32 35 46 47 48 47 47 47 55 55 55
 55 49 46 47 47 55 55 55 54 47 47 47 48 48 54 54 54 48 48 55 47 47 47 55 49 48 48 48 55 47 48 48 47 47 47 46 48 48 48 50 44 43 44 44 49 49 73 75 82 78
 74 66 66 58 54 60 68 68 61 63 47 57 45 74 85 78 70 65 62 61 61 55 73 65 59 61 75 77 80 86 81 81 83 85 85 85 90 84 78 78 73 75 78 77 86 75 76 83 79 84
 87 78 72 75 72 72 76 79 82 88 90 89 89 89 89 89 90 90 90 85 85 79 83 83 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 89 89 89 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
 90 90 90 81 66 66 62 62 62 73 89 90 90 86 86 86 86 88 88 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 88 71 68 61 61 66 66 70 65 64 70 70 76 90 90 90 90 90 90 85 90 90 90 87
 87 79 79 79 79 89 74 65 71 72 79 73 73 70 75 79 76 81 81 83 80 87 89 90 82 82 90 88 88 88 88 89 86 77 77 80 79 79 79 90 90 90 90 79 79 61 58 53 76 63
 57 65 76 76 76 80 89 89 89 90 90 90 90 88 88 88 88 88 88 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 88 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 83 79 58 43
 45 68 70 61 75 76 73 68 84 88 90 90 90 90 90 89 72 54 62 62 53 55 55 80 83 80 80 83 85 83 87 83 83 83 85 85 86 86 84 81 83 82 77 78 76 76 77 77 80 88
 88 87 90 90 90 90 85 84 82 71 75 62 62 37 68 75 77 74 70 71 70 72 72 80 80 80 84 83 82 66 70 55 55 55 37 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 54 55 55 55 48 47 47
 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 55 50 50 50 47 47 47 47 44 44 55 48 51 51 54 54 54 54 54 55 54 54 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 51 51 51 54 51 61 61
 61 61 61 61 44 42 34 34 37 37 37 44 47 47 47 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 47 49 48 47 55 54 55 55 55 55 55 44 44 44 44 46 43 43 44 44 44 51 44 47 44 34 44 44
 44 44 39 39 43 42 50 42 42 38 37 38 41 50 52 55 47 47 39 44 44 46 41 42 40 43 40 41 42 38 37 42 55 50 44 44 46 48 55 55 55 37 34 34 33 42 47 42 42 42
 42 55 46 46 46 48 47 48 46 43 41 39 42 39 44 44 44 48 48 38 36 36 38 38 38 44 44 44 44 44 44 42 42 36 41 40 36 36 30 33 32 29 28 28 23 12 16 10 8 8
 13 14 23 20 21 28 28 31 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

AF K26-217c U 498
AF K26-526t U 510
AF K26-961c U 577
AF K26-394c U 797
AF K26-291s U 828
AF K26-822c U 883
AF K26-572c C 1
AF K26-766c C 408
BS 1 515 K26-572c
BS 516 516 K26-217c
BS 517 521 K26-572c
BS 522 529 K26-217c
BS 530 538 K26-572c
BS 539 569 K26-217c
BS 570 571 K26-526t
BS 572 573 K26-217c
BS 574 579 K26-526t
BS 580 584 K26-217c
BS 585 591 K26-526t
BS 592 592 K26-217c
BS 593 601 K26-526t
BS 602 604 K26-217c
BS 605 606 K26-526t
BS 607 607 K26-217c
BS 608 621 K26-526t
BS 622 628 K26-217c
BS 629 629 K26-526t
BS 630 630 K26-217c
BS 631 633 K26-526t
BS 634 634 K26-217c
BS 635 635 K26-526t
BS 636 639 K26-217c
BS 640 646 K26-526t
BS 647 648 K26-217c
BS 649 649 K26-526t
BS 650 650 K26-217c
BS 651 654 K26-766c
BS 655 655 K26-961c
BS 656 656 K26-217c
BS 657 669 K26-961c
BS 670 675 K26-217c
BS 676 676 K26-961c
BS 677 688 K26-217c
BS 689 693 K26-526t
BS 694 696 K26-217c
BS 697 698 K26-526t
BS 699 700 K26-961c
BS 701 706 K26-217c
BS 707 707 K26-961c
BS 708 708 K26-217c
BS 709 709 K26-961c
BS 710 710 K26-526t
BS 711 775 K26-961c
BS 776 776 K26-766c
BS 777 777 K26-961c
BS 778 834 K26-766c
BS 835 837 K26-961c
BS 838 840 K26-394c
BS 841 882 K26-766c
BS 883 884 K26-394c
BS 885 898 K26-766c
BS 899 899 K26-961c
BS 900 900 K26-766c
BS 901 901 K26-961c
BS 902 934 K26-766c
BS 935 935 K26-394c
BS 936 936 K26-766c
BS 937 937 K26-394c
BS 938 940 K26-766c
BS 941 944 K26-394c
BS 945 945 K26-291s
BS 946 948 K26-822c
BS 949 949 K26-766c
BS 950 951 K26-822c
BS 952 954 K26-766c
BS 955 955 K26-822c
BS 956 957 K26-394c
BS 958 962 K26-822c
BS 963 963 K26-394c
BS 964 970 K26-822c
BS 971 971 K26-394c
BS 972 972 K26-822c
BS 973 973 K26-394c
BS 974 976 K26-822c
BS 977 979 K26-394c
BS 980 986 K26-291s
BS 987 987 K26-394c
BS 988 1004 K26-822c
BS 1005 1009 K26-394c
BS 1010 1012 K26-291s
BS 1013 1014 K26-394c
BS 1015 1021 K26-822c
BS 1022 1022 K26-394c
BS 1023 1026 K26-822c
BS 1027 1028 K26-291s
BS 1029 1036 K26-822c
BS 1037 1052 K26-291s
BS 1053 1053 K26-822c
BS 1054 1060 K26-291s
BS 1061 1061 K26-822c
BS 1062 1062 K26-291s
BS 1063 1065 K26-394c
BS 1066 1068 K26-822c
BS 1069 1079 K26-291s
BS 1080 1081 K26-822c
BS 1082 1082 K26-291s
BS 1083 1084 K26-822c
BS 1085 1089 K26-291s
BS 1090 1094 K26-822c
BS 1095 1096 K26-394c
BS 1097 1099 K26-822c
BS 1100 1100 K26-291s
BS 1101 1104 K26-822c
BS 1105 1105 K26-394c
BS 1106 1110 K26-822c
BS 1111 1115 K26-291s
BS 1116 1122 K26-822c
BS 1123 1124 K26-291s
BS 1125 1135 K26-822c
BS 1136 1136 K26-394c
BS 1137 1139 K26-822c
BS 1140 1140 K26-291s
BS 1141 1150 K26-822c
BS 1151 1155 K26-291s
BS 1156 1161 K26-822c
BS 1162 1164 K26-291s
BS 1165 1167 K26-822c
BS 1168 1173 K26-291s
BS 1174 1175 K26-822c
BS 1176 1189 K26-291s
BS 1190 1196 K26-822c
BS 1197 1199 K26-291s
BS 1200 1221 K26-822c
BS 1222 1225 K26-291s
BS 1226 1227 K26-822c
BS 1228 1228 K26-394c
BS 1229 1231 K26-291s
BS 1232 1233 K26-822c
BS 1234 1235 K26-291s
BS 1236 1236 K26-394c
BS 1237 1239 K26-291s
BS 1240 1242 K26-822c
BS 1243 1244 K26-291s
BS 1245 1247 K26-394c
BS 1248 1255 K26-822c
BS 1256 1256 K26-291s
BS 1257 1257 K26-394c
BS 1258 1258 K26-291s
BS 1259 1259 K26-822c
BS 1260 1260 K26-394c
BS 1261 1265 K26-291s
BS 1266 1266 K26-822c
BS 1267 1268 K26-394c
BS 1269 1269 K26-822c
BS 1270 1275 K26-291s
BS 1276 1280 K26-822c
BS 1281 1281 K26-394c
BS 1282 1290 K26-822c
BS 1291 1292 K26-291s
BS 1293 1294 K26-822c
BS 1295 1297 K26-291s
BS 1298 1301 K26-822c
BS 1302 1302 K26-291s
BS 1303 1475 K26-822c

RD K26-217c 563 0 0
tcccCgtgagatcatcctgaAGTGGAGGGCATGGGGCTTGGCTGGGCTTA
GAGCTAACATACACAGGATGCTGAAAAAGAACAACACAAgntGTGTGGAG
CAAAGGAAAGGGAAATCAGCTTGAAGCTGATGTTAGTGTGCTTGGGCTGA
GTACAGCCATGctntCAGTTGAGGCACGGTTGGCTCCCCATGGGCAAGAT
CCCTCCTGGCCCATCTCTCCTCTTATTCTCTATCCCTTCCCCAGGTCCCT
GCCTTAGAGGTTTCACCAGAGCACAGCTCCTGcctgtggccaAAACAGTA
TTTGGCCACTCACcGAcccagTGTCAGC*atccaGatggGtTccacatct
cacaaccct*gggcagcagagaaggggtttaaaggccagggggg*tatta
agccgaaggagg*ttttggaaacaccaaggg*g*ggtcagaccccaacgc
cagtttccccaaaaaggggcattcaaatttttttctcagagattttcttt
ccttttttgggccccgggaaccttttttaaaaaatgggggattgggcccc
cttggcccccctc

QA 19 349 19 424
DS CHROMAT_FILE: K26-217c PHD_FILE: K26-217c.phd.1 TIME: Thu Sep 12 15:42:38 1996
RD K26-526t 687 0 0
ccgtcctgagtggAGggcatggggcttggctggGCTTAGAGCTAACATAC
ACAGGATGCTGAAAAAGAACAACACAAggtGTGTGGAGCAAAGGAAAGGG
AAATCAGCTTGAAGCTGATGTTAGTGTGCTTGGGCTGAGTACagcnatgc
tntgaGTTGAggaacgGTTGGCTCCCCATGGGCAAGATCCCTCCTGGCCC
ATCTCTCCTCTTATTCTCTATCCCTTCCCCAGGTCCCTGCCTTAGAGGTT
TCACcAgAGCACAgCTCctgcctgtggccaAAACAGTATTTGGccACTCA
CCGAcCCAGTGTcagt*atccAGATGGGttccACATCtcacagcccT*Ga
gcAgcagngaaGGGTttgaaagggcAgggggggaatgaaGacggaggagg
gtgttggcaaccacacaga*ggagtcaggaggcaggacggcaggtatccA
Cacacattaggcattttaaatttttacttaacaggaattgtctatggctg
ggtttgggaac*atgggaacacctattcttt*caaaa*ttggggggat*t
agtggtgc*tgt*tatagtcccgttattaaGggttaagtggggtttcttt
gccaggaggtaaggtttggggccctatttttaattacttggaaggaagcc
ttttcccagataaggaaaaaggaggtTTtttgtttta

QA 12 353 9 572
DS CHROMAT_FILE: K26-526t PHD_FILE: K26-526t.phd.1 TIME: Thu Sep 12 15:42:33 1996
RD K26-961c 517 0 0
aatattaccggcgcggggttCcgTCGGAAAGGGAAATCAGCTTGAAGCTG
ATGTTAGTGTGCTTGgGCTGAGTacaGCCATGCTCTCAGTTGAGGCACGG
TTGGCTCCCCATGGGCAAGATCCCTCCTGGCCCATCTCTCCTCTTATTCT
CTATCCCTTCCCCAGGTCCCTGCCTTAGAGGTTTCACCAGAGCACAGCTC
CTGccTGTGGCCAAAACAGTATTTGGccactgaccGACCCagtGTCAGC*
ATCCAGATGGGTTCCACATCTCacaaccCT*GAGCAGCAGAGAAGGGTTT
GAaagGcCAGGGGAG*AATGAAGACgaaggaGG*TGTTgGcaacaacaca
gA*G*AGTCAGCAGccAgaacgccaggtatccacACACATaaggCATtct
aaatttttaCtcaACaggaattgtctATgtctgtgTCtgggcaccagggc
a*cacctTATCTCTAcaaaaat*agcgggatttagtggtgcttgtgtg**
g*cccagctattcaggg

QA 20 415 26 514
DS CHROMAT_FILE: K26-961c PHD_FILE: K26-961c.phd.1 TIME: Thu Sep 12 15:42:37 1996
RD K26-394c 628 0 0
ctgcgtatcgtcacc*accCAGTGTCagctatcCAGATGGGTTCCACATC
TcacaacCCT*GAGCAGCAGAGAAGGGTTTGAAAGGCCAGGGGAG*AATG
AAGACga*gGAGG*tgTTGGCAACAacacagA*G*AGTCAGCAGCCAGAA
CGCCAGGTATCCACACACATAAGACATTCTAAATTTTTACTCAACAGAAA
TTGTCTATGTCTGTGTCTGGgcaCCATGGCAACACCTTATCTCTACAAAA
ATTAGCGGAATGTAGTGGTGCCTGtgtGTAGTCCCAGCTATTCaaGAGGC
TGAAGTGGGAGGATTGCTTGagccaTggaagtcaagGCTGTAGTGagCCa
TGattgtgtCaATGCACtcnagAcagagcaaGACCctgctcccaccacac
aacttaanaggaaaaaaaaaaaggaaaagaaatgaaatgaaatgggatat
ag*aa*aggaaaagga*cagaaa*ttgtctatgcctggt*ctctagtaat
gtcagtcagccagtttccagccttttggtcttgggcattctgctgtcaca
atctcttggaacgttgggcagggaatcccatttttcccccgtttTttttt
gtggcaattaccttttggaaccctgggt

QA 18 368 11 502
DS CHROMAT_FILE: K26-394c PHD_FILE: K26-394c.phd.1 TIME: Thu Sep 12 15:42:32 1996
RD K26-291s 556 0 0
gaggatcgcttTCCacatctcaCAaccctcgagCAgCagagAAgggTTTG
AAAGGCCAGGGGAG*AATGAAGACGa*ggAGG*TGTTGGCAACAacacag
a*G*AGTCAGCAGCCAGAACGCCAggtaTCCAcacacataAgccatTCTA
AATTTTTACTCAAcagAAATTGTCTAtgTCTGTGTCTGggcacCATGGCA
ACACCTTATCTCTACAAAAATTAGCGGAATGTAGTggtGCCTGTGTGTAG
TCCCAGCTATTCAAgaggctGAAGTgcgaggatTGCTTgagCCATGGAAG
TcaaggctgtAGTGAgccatgatTGTGTCAATGCACTCCAGACAGAGCAA
GACCCTGCTCCCAccaCACAcctcaaaaggtattgattaaaGGAaAagaa
atgaaAtgaaatgagataaaggaaaaggaaaaagaacaggatattgTCtA
Tgcctgat*ctctagt*atgtgcagacagaagtttccagccactgagttc
ttgccccagctaactttttacaaatccccctggggaaggtttggcccagg
cagatg

QA 11 373 11 476
DS CHROMAT_FILE: K26-291s PHD_FILE: K26-291s.phd.1 TIME: Thu Sep 12 15:42:31 1996
RD K26-822c 593 0 0
ggggatccg*tcatgagacga*ggAGG*TGTTGGCAACa*ca*agaag*A
GTCAGCAGCCAGAACGCCAGGTATCCACACACATAAGACATTCTAAATTT
TTACTCAACAGAAATTGTCTATGTCTGtgtCTGGGCACCATGGCAACACC
TTATCTCTACAAAAATTAGCGGAATGTAGTggTGCCTGtgtGTAGTCCCA
GCTATTCAAGAGGCTGAAGTGGGAGGATTGCTTGAGCCATGGAAGTCAAG
GCTGTAGTGAGCCATGATTGtgtCAATGCACTCCAGAcAgAGCaAgacCC
tgCTCccACCACACacctCaaacgaaAAAAAAaaagggcaaagatatgaa
ctgaaatggaatatag*agcagcaaaaggaacagaaaattgtcTATGcct
ggttctctagtcatgtgcagaacagacagtatcccggccctattgagttc
ttggggcagttaggcttgtgcacccttgcttctatgccacagttagggca
ttcgggattcccatccttttccccggggttgctttttgtttgcgattacc
ttttcggaacaatggggggaaattattttccaagttgggtttg

QA 25 333 16 593
DS CHROMAT_FILE: K26-822c PHD_FILE: K26-822c.phd.1 TIME: Thu Sep 12 15:42:36 1996
RD K26-572c 594 0 0
agccccgggccgtggggttccttgagcactcccaaagttccaacccagga
tgtccccgacgcttaaaCcttccaagtctgaaacgggaaAtttgatttgc
gggctaggataaacgccggggagaaaggcagaactgccttttaccCCcca
aggatatcccttgggaagggcccctttgcactcagctgctccctaattat
ggcgatcctccctctatctttgtccccctgtctttcaggatccctctcAA
CAACAgaccaCTCccattaaaGAAATCtccttctgatctgcgggatcACA
TAAAACAGTGCCattcAAaAcgtcccttcCcccAATGTCtaagtgTggtg
gagcCcttcctgcCCggctctgtgcacccacggtgcctgcatgaccccgg
atGCAGTGTGCACCAGctCCCATCATTCAAgagCATGACTGTGTTGCCAA
CCAGCcacCAGGCACTGGGGAGGGAGCtgaGGGAGCAcaaAAGGGATGAG
CCACCCTCTGTcCcagAAGTGGAgcgcATGGGGCTTGGCTgggcTTAGAG
CtaacaTACACAGGATGCTGAAaaagaaCAACACaatagtaaca

QA 249 584 1 586
DS CHROMAT_FILE: K26-572c PHD_FILE: K26-572c.phd.1 TIME: Thu Sep 12 15:42:34 1996
RD K26-766c 603 0 0
gaataattggaatcacggcaaaaatttggggacaaatattatttccaaaa
ttcccccagcaatcacacaggccctcaagcccatcaactcggtcattcac
cgattttcctaaatcaagggtattagcttg*ctgggcttacacctaacat
acacagcatgctcaatgagaAcaatacgagctgtgtggagcacaggaagg
ggaAAtcagcctgaagctgctgttagtgtgcttgg*ctgAGTACAGCcaT
GCTctCAGTTgaggcAcggTTGGCTCCCCATGGgCAAGATCCCTCCTggC
CCATCTCTCCTCTTaTTCTCTATCCCTTCCCCAGGTCCCTGCCTTAGagg
tttCACCAGAGCACAGCTCCTGCCTGTGGCCAAAACAGTATTTGGCCACT
CACCGACCCAGTGTCAGC*ATCCAGATGGGTTCCACATCTCACAACCCT*
GAGCAGCAGAGAAGGGTTTGAAAGGCCAGGGGAG*AATGAAGACGAAGGA
GG*TGTTGGCAACAACACAGA*G*AGTCAGCAGCCAGAACGCCAGGTATC
CACACACATAagaCATtctaAATTTTTACTCAAacgatcCccggaaccac
acg

QA 240 584 126 583
DS CHROMAT_FILE: K26-766c PHD_FILE: K26-766c.phd.1 TIME: Thu Sep 12 15:42:35 1996

WA{
phrap_params phrap 990621:161947
/usr/local/genome/bin/phrap standard.fasta.screen -new_ace -view 
phrap version 0.990319
}

CT{
Contig1 repeat consed 976 986 971218:180623
}

CT{
Contig1 comment consed 996 1007 971218:180623
This is line 1 of a comment
There may be any number of lines
}

CT{
Contig1 oligo consed 963 987 971218:180623
standard.1 acataagacattctaaatttttact 50 U
seq from clone
}


Prior to 1998 there was a different ace file format.   If you still
haven't changed to the new ace file format, you must do so now since
it contains information that is not contained in the old ace file
format.  This additional information (e.g., the alignment and quality
clipping values) are essential for some of the Consed functions (e.g.,
navigate by single stranded, navigate by single subclone, Autofinish)
to work correctly.

Another reason to switch to the new ace format is that you will get
faster Consed startup performance.  The new ace file format is also
much smaller (about 60% as big as the old).

The new phrap (Aug 1998 and better) writes the new ace format (using
the -new_ace or -ace switch).  Since Consed now uses the additional
information found only in the new ace format, if you are editing an
assembly, you should first re-phrap to take advantage of this
additional information.

Consed can read either old or new ace format.
Consed can also write either new or old ace format.  It write the new
ace format by default--see 'Options'/'General Preferences'.  Also see
the Consed parameter:

consed.writeThisAceFormat: 2

(where 2 means 'new' and 1 means 'old')




 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

WHAT THE COLORS MEAN


See the beginning of the Quick Tour (above).  But here is a very partial list
of the colors:

Greyscale of background indicates quality
Grey base with black background--clipped off part of read (either due
    to low quality or due to alignment)
Red base--discrepant with consensus
Black base--agrees with consensus
Colored area covering half of a base--tag (see Quick Tour) 
Purple tag--more than 1 tag covering a base